01 ye 04
Tibatane nesu pamutambo waWilliam uye Norman Conquest
Varume vari kubasa vakakodzera makwande eWilliam kubva kuBayeux Tapestry. DEA / M. Seemuller MunaOctober 1066 William akafamba achibva kuNormandy kundorwa kuEngland kuHondo yeHastings
2016 ndiyo yegore remakore mazana mapfumbamwe negumi rehondo yehondo iyo yakakura yakachinja shanduro yeChirungu uye yakateya nheyo yenyika yatinoziva nhasi.
Ichi ndicho chiitiko chakakosha uye saka About.com yeUnited Kingdom Travel uye France Travel vezvenzvi vakaungana kuti vauye newe nyaya uye kuratidzira zviratidzo, zviyeuchidzo, hondo yemasvingo nemasvingo ayo unogona kushanyira nhasi kuti uunze nyaya yacho muupenyu. Mwedzi woga woga muna 2016 tichakuendesa kunzvimbo dzakakurumbira uye nzvimbo dzekurwa zvakare muUnited States uye muFrance, ichifukidza zvose zviitiko zvakarongwa.
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Normandy muMiddle Ages
Viking Ship paPuy du Fou Theme Park. © Puy du Fou Normandy muchecheche
Normandy yakaona chikamu chakanaka chevanhu vekare chekugara mumasango ayo ane ruvara rwemafuro uye masango akapfuma, kubva panguva yeNeolithic kusvika kune-bronze -zera yeCelt kusvika kuVaRoma. Mambo weRoma Diocletian akasika chiruwa cheNormandy muzana remakore rechitatu, uye miganhu inowirirana chaizvo neNormandy yanhasi. Pane imwe nguva Mutongi weRoma Constantus akatora vose Britain neGaul, uye nyika mbiri dzakabatana pamwe chete kune yekutanga, asi kwete yekupedzisira, nguva.
Normandy Inokura Mukukosha
Apo VaRoma vakabva muzana remakore rechina AD, vazhinji veFrance neBritain vakakundwa nehondo dzemadzinza, nyika yakagara mazana maviri emakore kusvikira kuonekwa kweCharlemagne (c.742-814) uyo akawana kushamisa kwekubatanidza zvakawanda zveWestern Europe, kutendeutsa vanhu vake kuva chiKristu uye kuchinja mapepa emitemo uye mazano eEurope nekusingaperi neRarolingian Renaissance.
Muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, Normandy yakava chikamu cheHumambo hweWest Franks, yakatongwa naFrankish Kings kusvika muna 987. Yakabva yasvika kuCapetians naHugh Capet. Iye zvino Duke weEle de France, iyo yakapoteredza Paris, akava Mambo wezvaizivikanwa zvino seFrance.
Saka zvakadini neViking?
Kufanana nenzvimbo dzakawanda, nhoroondo yeNormandy ibvaneti rakakomba. Inogona kunge yakasarudzwa pasi peMambo weFrance, asi yakarwiswa kubva kumativi ose, zvikurukuru nemafungu anotyisa, anotyisa evanopinda muDanish.
MaViking akadzoka kusvika kuFrance; Englandani yaiva yekutanga, uye iri pedyo. Mafungu ekutanga eViking akabatwa, asi akakurumidza kuteverwa nevarimi nevatengesi uye munguva pfupi ivo vaipindirana mucheka reEngland.
Pakazosvika 845 maVikings akanga asvika kuParis pamhirizhonga dzavo. Makore mashomanana gare gare vakagara uye ne911 Viking 'Jarl' kana mutungamiri, Rollo, (Rollon muFrance) aiva nhamba yeRuen uye ane simba zvokuti akamanikidza kugarisana neFrance King Charles the Simple, achitora chikamu cheNormandy. Yakanga isiri yose yakaipa yeFrance; maViking akachengetedza nzvimbo yacho kusvika kumativi akapoteredza eParis iyo yakanga yakaoma zvikuru pamhenderekedzo yeSeine.
Kuroorana kwevanhu pakati pevatungamiri vemhuri kwakatungamirira mukusanganiswa kwakavhiringidza kwekuvimbika uye kutengesa, kudai uye zvikwereti zvemhosva. Izvo zvakakosha zvekuwanda kwekuita uye kufungidzira ndezvokuti Richard I, muzukuru mukuru waRlolo, akatora zita reDuke weNormandy.
Zvimwe zveViking Zvinotyisa
- Shanyira La Tour de L'Horloge muGuines Iyi rwendo rwemazuva matatu rakanaka kune vemhuri uye vateereri vemhau uye inotora Vikings
- Shanyira Le Puy du Fou Theme Park Iyi yakasarudzwa nepaki yepamusoro yepamusoro yepachipiri yepasi rose asi inofanira kuenderera mberi pakurongwa kwayo, yakasiyana uye inventiveness. Viking inoratidzira kuratidzwa ine chikepe chenguva refu chinobuda kubva kumafungu uye zvinokonzera kushungurudza kune chero musikana anenge achida kuziva nezvekuuraya. Dzvanya pano nokuda kwevhidhiyo yemuenzaniso
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Tevera Rwendo Rwakaita Sorwa Rwokutanga kwaWilliam
Hondo yeMiddletime. Vladimir Serov / Getty Images c. 1027: William Anopinda Munyika
William akaberekerwa paimba yeFalaise muna 1027/28 (zvinyorwa zvakanga zvisingakoshi uye zvakarasika) kuna Duke Robert weNormandy (anozivikanwa saRobert Dhiyabhorosi uye mwanakomana weDuke Richard II) uye mbuya wake Herleva. Akaramba achiroora Herluin de Conteville uye akamuberekera vanakomana vaviri, Odo uyo akazova Bhishopi weBayeux naRobert, Count of Mortain.
Duke Robert akafa muna 1035 kana 6 uye William akatora zita racho pazera remakore 7 kana 8.
Makore Ekutanga Anowanikwa naWilliam
Nzvimbo yechidiki yaWilliam yakanga isingazivikanwi asi haina kuoma nekuda kwerutsigiro kubva kuna King Henry I weFrance uyo akaziva kukosha kweNormandy. Kunyange zvakadaro yaiva nguva isina kutonga mutemo: vanokudzwa vakagadzirira nyika dzeChechi nenzvimbo uye Alan III weBrittany akatarisa muvakidzani wake mufumi. Kubvira pazera remakore makumi matatu, William akavimba nevateveri vakatendeka nevarindi avo vaiva netsika yakaipa yekufa kana kukurumidza kutumirwa nevavengi vavo; mumwe wavo anonzi akaurayiwa muimba yekurara yaWilliam.
Kunyange zvake mazinda ake akanga asina ngozi. Pazera remakore gumi nemasere, aifanira kutarisana nekupanduka kwakatungamirirwa nahanzvadzi yake Guy weBurgundy. Paakanga achigara kuValognes muCotentin Peninsula dare rake jester rakanzwa njodzi yekuuraya William. Mukomana wechidiki akatizira pamabhiza usiku kuenda kuimba yeHubert de Ries akamutumira kuFalaise nevanakomana vake vatatu vanoita sevarindi vekuchengetedza. Vakapukunyuka muminda, imwe yaya yakazozotumidzwa zita rokuti Bâtard (Bastard's Path) mhiri kwoRwizi Gronde.
- Tevera William's Flight. Kune nzira yekufambira mberi mushure mekufamba kweWilliam mumisha yeAsnelles neRyes pedyo neArromanches-les-Bains, inonyatsozivikanwa neHondo Yenyika II D-Day Landings.
1047: William Anouya Zvakarurama
Mukutanga 1047 yaive nguva yekubata nevapanduki uye William naHenry vakapikisa vavengi vake, vachivakunda paHondo yeVal-ès-Dunes pedyo neCaen. " Hondo ine simba umo, mune rimwe zuva, yakaputsika masvingo akawanda " akachema mumwe munyori wenhau dzakaitika saWilliam vavengi vake vakaburuka sevapfumbamwe. Icho chaiva chiitiko chekutendeuka kwaDuke wechiduku uyo akabudisa Truce yaMwari munguva yake yose iyo yakarambidza hondo uye chisimba kune mamwe mazuva egore. Muchidimbu chisingazivikanwi asi chine simba mukati mekare, izvi zvakateererwa.
- Tevera Hondo yeVal-ès-Dunes. Ihofisi yeVatori veVal-ès-Dunes yakabudisa mapepa ekufambisa kwevashanyi aunogona kutevera, akabatsirwa nepanepa panzvimbo dzakakwikwidzirwa nzvimbo.
1051: William Rutsva
Mumakore ekutanga 1050 William akawana basa rake rakamugadzirira kumativi ese Normandy. Apo Hugh, mutongi weMaine, akafa muna 1051, avo vakavakidzana neAnalde Anjou, Geoffrey Martel, vakapinda mukati. Akarwisa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwakakomberedza Alençon uye Domfront pamuganhu weNormandy neMaine asi akakundwa naWilliam naHenry.
Musoro wakange wakaita sehuwandu hwenzvimbo, hwaiva naWilliam weBellême asi kune anokunda anotora zvakapambwa. Izvo chete matongo eimba yaBellême anoramba uye aya ndiwo anochengetedza uye chapeleri yaiva chikamu chezvekuvakwa naWilliam the Conqeror mwanakomana wechitatu, Henri 1st Beauclerc, ishe we Domfront kubva muna 1092, ipapo Mambo weEngland (1100) nemubati weku Normandy (1106).
Nzvimbo yepamusoro yakanga iri nzira inokosha, ichidzora nzira kubva kuKaen kusvika kuMaine neAnjou kumusoro nechekumaodzanyemba, uye kubva kuAlençon kuenda kuLe-Mont-St-Michel kuenda kumabvazuva-kumavirazuva.
- Imwe iguta rakanaka, rakakodzera kukosha.
1051 kusvika kuna 53: William Anotora Ally Inokosha
Iye zvino Henry akanga achinyunyuta zvakanyanya pamusoro pekukura kwaWilliam kwesimba nesimba, saka nenzira yehondo yekare yaifarira, King Henry akachinja mativi, achitsigira William, Count of Arques, nyika dzayo dzakamhanya kumaodzanyemba kweGeppe.
Muna 1053 William of Arques akashora mudiki Muduku uyo akabudirira kupoteredza imba yake ndokumutumira. Pakupera kwa1103 William akanga achirwisana naMambo, vakuru vake uye Bhishopu mukuru we Rouen, Mauger.
1054: Imwe Kukunda, ipapo ....
Kuonekwa kwakasvika munaFebruary 1054. William akatarisana naHenry kuEvreux, kumaodzanyemba kweRuen kumucheto kumabvazuva kweNormandy. Hondo yechipiri yaWilliam yaisanganisira vatsigiri vakadai saRobert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger we Mortemer naWilliam de Warenne, vakatarisana nemamwe mauto akashinga pasi peOdo, mukoma waMambo Henry. Maererano nemunyori wenhoroondo, William weJumièges, vaFrance vainge vakabatikana vachibvarura nekupamba kuti vakabatwa zvachose vasina kugadzirira. Hondo yakatevera ya Mortemer yaiva kukundwa kwaWilliam nevarume vake apo vazhinji vekuremekedza kweFrance vakaurawa.
Paiva nehupfumi zvishoma; Henry naGeoffrey vakaramba vachirwisa zvakare kusvikira muna 1057 apo vakambodzingwazve naWilliam kuHondo yeVaraville, kumadokero kweKabourg.
Yakanga isiri kusvika muna 1060 uye kufa kwaHenry naGeoffrey kuti William aigona kunzwa akachengeteka.
The Shift of Power kuEngland
Edward wePrefesa weEngland akanga ataura kuti William ndiye mugari wenhaka yeChigaro cheChirungu chekutanga muna 1051, maererano naWilliam. MunaJanuary 1066 Edward akafa uye Harold Godwinson akashongedzwa Mambo. William akatanga kupinda kwake kugadzirira.
04 we 04
Ronga kushanya kuNormandy yemazuva ano
Hondo yeNormandy Museum, Bayeux. © Calvados Tourisme Normandy nhasi inobatanidza zvakaenzana nzvimbo imwechete yakadai munguva yeMiddle Ages. Ndiyo nzvimbo yakaisvonaka ine gungwa refu rakatasva mabheti makuru ejecha uye iyo inofadza Cotentin Peninsula inopinda muChirungu Channel. Inosanganisira nzvimbo huru dzeNormandy D-Day Landing Beache s, nzvimbo dzekutasva dzegungwa dzeFecamp, Honfleur neDeauville uye Mont-St-Michel uye musha wayo.
Rouen ndiro guta guru uye raiva guta guru, rakapfuma panguva yaWilliam. Yakatora Exchequer yeNormandy uye yakanga iri guta reAnglo-Norman dynasties dzakatonga zvose France neEngland kubva kuma1 kusvika kumazana gumi nemashanu. Tarisa zvinhu zvakakwirira uye zvitsva muRuen .
- Tsvaga shanduro yeChirungu yenhau kubva kune.com.com UK nyanzvi .
- Tsvaga zvakaitika kune mbeu yaWilliam muNew Forest mu UK paRufus Stone