Iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeTanzania uye yakashambidzwa nemvura yakasviba, yakajeka yeIndia Ocean, Zanzibar inzvimbo inotyisa inosanganisira zviwi zvakawanda zvakapararira-mbiri mbiri dzeyo Pemba uye Unguja, kana Zanzibar Island. Nhasi, zita rinonzi Zanzibar rinobudisa mifananidzo yejecha mhepo ine mhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvitsvuku zvemasango, uye makungwa e-turquoise, vose vakatsvoda nemhepo inoputika-mhepo yemhepo yeEast Africa. Munguva yakapfuura, kushamwaridzana nekutengeswa kwevaranda kwakaita kuti nzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzive idzo dzakaipa.
Sangano reimwe rudzi kana chimwe chikamu chepachivande chechitsuwa chacho uye chakaumba nhoroondo yezviuru zvemakore. Zanzibar chiziviso chekutengesa hotspot chakakonzerwa nechinzvimbo chayo pamugwagwa wokutengesa kubva kuArabia kuenda kuAfrica; uye nokuwanda kwayo kwezvinonhuwira zvinokosha, kusanganisira cloves, sinamoni, uye nutmeg. Munguva yakapfuura, kutonga kweZanzibar kwaireva kusvika kune upfumi husingafungidziki, ndicho chikonzero chiitiko chechirongwa chepfuma yezvinyorwa chakazara nemakakatanwa, kukanda, uye vanokunda.
Nhau dzekare
Matombo akave akafukidzwa kubva kuKumbi Cave muna 2005 anoratidza kuti nhoroondo yevanhu yeZanzibar inodzokera kumashure. Inofungidzirwa kuti vagari vepakutanga vaifamba uye kuti vekutanga vagari venyika yezvinyorwa zvechirongwa ndivo vaiva nhengo dzemapoka emadzinza eBantu akayambuka kubva kumabvazuva kweAfrica munenge muna 1000 AD. Zvisinei, inofungidzirwawo kuti vatengesi vekuAsia vakashanyira Zanzibar kwemakore anenge 900 vasati vasvika.
Muzana remakore rechi8, vatengesi vePersia vakazosvika kumabvazuva kweAfrica. Vakavaka misha yeZanzibar, iyo yakakura pamazana emakore mana anotevera kumatengesi akavakwa kunze kwebwe - chivako chekuvaka zvachose chitsva kune chikamu chenyika. Islam yakatanga kuendeswa kumahombekombe panguva ino, uye muna 1107 AD vagari vemuYemen vakavaka musikiti wokutanga kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yeChizimkazi kuUnguja Island.
Pakati pezana remakore rechi12 neregumi nemashanu, kutengeserana pakati peArabia, Persia, neZanzibar kwakapararira. Segoridhe, nyanga dzenzou, varanda, uye zvinonhuwira zvakatsinhanana nemaoko, zvitsuwa izvi zvakakura mune zvose pfuma nesimba.
Colonial Era
Kusvikira kumagumo e1500 Century, muongorori wechiPutukezi Vaso da Gama akashanyira Zanzibar, uye nhau dzekuchengetwa kwechikafu sechirongwa chekuita nekutengeserana nehurumende yeSwahili yakakurumidza kusvika kuEurope. Zanzibar yakakundwa nevaPutukezi makore mashomanana gare gare ndokuva chikamu cheumambo hwayo. Nzvimbo dzezvitsuwa izvi dzakaramba dzichitongwa nePutukezi kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana maviri, panguva iyo nhare yakavakwa paPemba senhare yekudzivirira maArab.
VaPutukezi vakatangawo kuvaka pamusoro pedombo rekuve paUnguja, iro raizozova chikamu cheZanzibar City, inzvimbo yakakurumbira yeChete Town .
Sultanate yeOman
Muna 1698, vaPutukezi vakadzingwa neOmanis, uye Zanzibar yakava chikamu cheSultanate yeOman. Hurumende yakawedzera zvakare nekutarisa varanda, nenyanga dzenzou, uye mavhavha; iyo yekupedzisira yakatanga kubudiswa pamwero mukuru paminda yakatsaurirwa. IOmanis yakashandisa upfumi hwakagadzirwa nemabhizimisi aya kuti hurambe huchivakwa dzimba dzemadzimambo uye mazhenje muDombo reMatombo, iro rakazova rimwe remaguta akapfuma mumharaunda.
Vanhu vemuAfrica vemuzvitsuwa izvi vaimbova varanda uye vaishandiswa kupa rusununguko rwemabasa paminda. Garizheni dzakavakwa mukati mezviwi zvekudzivirira, uye muna 1840, Sultan Seyyid Said akaita Stone Town guta guru reOman. Mushure mokufa kwake, Oman neZanzibar vakave hukuru hwakasiyana hwakasiyana, mumwe nomumwe akatongwa nomumwe wevana vaSultan. Nguva yekutonga kwaOmani muZanzibar yakatsanangurwa nehutsinye uye kushungurudzika kwekutengeswa kwevaranda sezvakaitwa nehupfumi hwahwo hwakagadzirwa, uye varanda vanopfuura 50 000 vanofamba mumisika yezvitsuwa zvegore negore.
British Rule & Independence
Kubva muna 1822 zvichienda mberi, Britain yakawedzera kufarira kuZanzibar inonyanya kurarisana nechishuwo chokugumisa kushandiswa kwevaranda pasi rese. Mushure mekusayina kwezvibvumirano zvakasiyana naSultan Seyyid Said nevana vake, kutengeswa kwevaranda veZanzibar kwakaguma kuparadzwa muna 1876.
Kubudirira kweBritain kuZanzibar kwakawedzerwa kudarika kusvikira Mutemo weHeligoland-Zanzibar wakaita sangano reBritish Protectorate muna 1890.
Musi waDecember 10, 1963, Zanzibar yakapiwa rusununguko sehurumende yepamutemo; kusvikira mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, apo Zanzibar Revolution yakabudirira yakagadzira dunhu rezvinyorwa sehurumende yakasununguka. Munguva yekuvandudzwa, vazhinji vevane 12 000 veArabic neIndia vakaurayiwa mukudzorera kwemakumi emakore euranda nevapanduki vakasiyiwa-mapoka vachitungamirirwa neUganda John Okello.
MunaEpril 1964, mutungamiri mutsva akazivisa kubatana nechetende reTanzania (iyo yakabva yazivikanwa seTanganyika). Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yezvitsuwa zvekudengenyeka yakave ine chikamu chakanaka chezvematongerwe enyika uye zvekunamata kubva ipapo, Zanzibar inoramba iine chikamu chekutonga kweTanzania nhasi.
Kutsvaga Chiitiko cheChirungu
Mazuva ano vashanyi kuZanzibar vachawana uchapupu hwakakwana hwezvakaitika zvezvitsuwa zvezviwi. Zvisinganzwisisiki, nzvimbo yakanakisisa yokutanga iri muCheta Town, ikozvino yakasarudzwa seNESCO World Heritage Site kuitira kubwinya kwehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehupenyu. Nzendo dzinotungamirirwa dzinopa ruzivo runofadza rweguta reAsia, Arab, Africa neEurope, iro rinozviratidza pachavo mu-maze-sekusanganiswa kwemasvingo, masikiti, nemisika. Dzimwe nzendo dzinoshanyirawo Unguja yakakurumbira minda yemapuri.
Kana ukaronga pakutsvaga Guta reMatombo iwe pachako, iva nechokwadi chokuti unoshanyira Imba yeWonders, imba yakavakwa muna 1883 kune wechipiri Sultan weZanzibar; uye Old Fort, yakatanga nePutukezi muna 1698. Kune imwe nzvimbo, matongo ezana remakore rechi13 eguta rakakombwa rakagadzirwa vasati vasvika vePutukezi vanogona kuwanikwa kuPujini paPemba Island. Pedyo, matongo eRud Mkumbuu akadzokera kumashure ezana remakore rechi14 uye anosanganisira masara emusikiti mukuru.