Izwi rokuti Mesoamerica rakabva muchiGiriki uye rinoreva "Middle America." Inoreva nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yemitambo inowedzera kubva kuchamhembe kweMexico kusvika kuCentral America, kusanganisira ndima iyo zvino yakaumbwa nenyika yeGuatemala, Belize, Honduras neEl Salvador. Saka zvinoonekwa sekunze kuNorth America, uye inosanganisira zhinji dzeCentral America.
Zvizhinji zvinokosha zvekare zvekare zvakagadzirwa munzvimbo ino, kusanganisira Olmecs, Zapotecs, Teotihuacanos, Mayas , uye Aztecs.
Idzi tsika dzakagadzira nzanga dzakaoma, dzakasvikidzika zvakakwirira zvezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, dzakavaka zvivakwa zvepamusoro, uye dzakagovana maitiro mazhinji emitemo. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yacho yakasiyana chaizvo maererano nejw.org, biology uye tsika, maimbo yekare akaumbwa mukati meMesoamerica akagovana zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana uye maitiro, uye aive mukukurukurirana nguva dzose mukuvandudza kwavo.
Akagoverwa zvikamu zvekare kare civilizations yeMesoamerica:
- kudya kunobva pachibage, nyemba, uye squash
- zvakafanana nheyo dzepakutanga
- kalendari system
- nyora zvirongwa
- bhora mitambo yakarwiwa nebhabhora
- nzira dzechitendero dzekuisa ropa uye kuzvipira
Kunewo zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pemapoka akavakwa mukati meMesoamerica, nemitauro yakasiyana, tsika, uye tsika.
Nguva yeMesoamerica:
Nhoroondo yeMesoamerica yakakamurwa kuva matatu huru nguva. Vanochera matongo vanoputsa izvi kuti zvive zviduku zvishoma, asi nokuda kwekunzwisisa kukuru, izvi zvitatu ndizvo zvakakosha kunzwisisa.
Nguva yekutanga-yekare yakatangira kubva muna 1500 BC kusvika muna 200 AD Panguva iyi pakanga pane kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro ezvokurima izvo zvaibvumira vanhu vakawanda, kupatsanurwa kwebasa uye kusungirirwa kwemagariro evanhu zvakakosha kuti hurumende dzivandudzire. Iko Olmec hubudiriro , iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi "amai tsika" yeMesoamerica, yakagadzirwa panguva iyi.
Nguva yeClassic , kubva muna 200 kusvika 900 AD, yakaona kukura kwemasimba makuru emaguta ne centralization ye simba. Mamwe emaguta makuru akare aya anosanganisira Monte Alban kuOaxaca, Teotihuacan iri pakati nepakati peMexico uye maMayan e Tikal, Palenque naCopan. Teotihuacan yaiva imwe yemetropoles yakakura munyika yose panguva iyoyo, uye simba rayo rakatambanudza zvakawanda zveMesoamerica.
Nguva yePot-Classic , kubva muna 900 AD kusvika pakuuya kwevaSpanish mumavambo ekutanga kwema1500, yakange ichinyorwa nemaguta-nyika uye yakanyanya kusimbiswa pamusoro pehondo uye chibayiro. Munharaunda yeMaya, Chichén Itza yaiva nheyo huru yezvematongerwe enyika uye yezvehupfumi, uye munharaunda yepakati. Muma 1300s, kusvika kumagumo emwaka uno, maAztec (anonziwo Mexica) akabuda. VaAztec vaimbova rudzi rwemasvingo, asi vakagara pakati peMexico ndokuvaka guta ravo guru Tenochtitlan muna 1325, uye vakakurumidza kuuya kuzotonga vazhinji veMesoamerica.
Zvimwe pamusoro peMesoamerica:
Mesoamerica inowanzoparadzaniswa kuva mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yemagariro: West Mexico, Central Central, Oaxaca, Gulf region, uye Maya.
Izwi rokuti Mesoamerica raiva pakutanga rakagadzirwa naPauro Kirchhoff, muGerman-Mexican anthropologist, muna 1943.
Tsanangudzo yake yaive yakabva pamiganhu yenyika, maitiro emadzinza, uye tsika dzechimiro panguva yekukunda. Izwi rokuti Mesoamerica rinonyanya kushandiswa netsika anthropologists uye archaeologists, asi zvinobatsira kune vashanyi kuMexico kuti vazive nayo pavanenge vachiedza kunzwisisa kunzwisisa kwekuti Mexico yakagadzirwa sei munguva.