Pasinei nekushanda semutungamiri wenyika imwe chete, Nelson Mandela achayeukwa nokusingaperi semutungamiri ane simba zvikuru South Africa. Iye ari chikamu chegadziriro yenyika - kwete nekuda kwekuti ndiye aiva mutungamiri wepakati wekunyama, asi nekuti akashanda zvakasimba mushure mekunge mushure mekusarudzwa kwake kuunza rugare uye kuenzana kwemarudzi kune nyika inoratidzika seisinganzwisisiki yakaparadzana nehutongerwe enyika.
Mazuva ano, anonyanya kutaurwa nevanhu veSouth Africa nedzinza rake, Madiba. Mufananidzo wake unowanikwa pamari yenyika, uye kune Nelson Mandela anoyeuchidza munyika yose. Muchikamu chino, tinotarisa nzvimbo dzakagadzirisa hupenyu hweMadiba, uye nheyo dzinogona kuonekwa ikoko nhasi.
Transkei: Musha waMandela
Nelson Mandela akaberekwa musi waJuly 18th 1918 mumusha weMvezo, uri kuSouth Africa muTranskei . Mutungamiri weTranskei aizove wekutanga wekutonga kwemadzinza gumi akaiswa pasi pehurumende yehutongerwe enyika, uye kwemakore akawanda vagari varo vaifanira kuyambuka kutarisana nemiganhu kuti vapinde muSouth Africa. Nhasi, iyo inowanzogara munyika yeXhosa inozivikanwa nezvinhu zviviri - yakasvibiswa, yakasvibiswa kunaka kwechimiro, nekuzivikanwa kwayo senzvimbo yekuberekerwa kwaMandela uye vazhinji vevanhu venguva yake (kusanganisira pamwe nevamwe vanoita zvemhirizhonga Walter Sisulu, Chris Hani uye Oliver Tambo ).
Mandela akaenda chikoro kuQunu, iri kuchamhembe kweMvezo. Yaiva pano iyo akapiwa zita rake rechiKristu, Nelson - kare akazivikanwa kumhuri yake saRohlilahla, zita rechiXhosa rinoreva "dambudziko rinokonzera".
Nhasi, vashanyi vanoenda kuTranskei havachafaniri kupa mapasipoti avo - nzvimbo yacho yakadzokidzwa zvakare kuSouth Africa mushure mekuparadzwa kwehutongerwe enyika.
Kune mbiri mbiri huru dzevaya vanotarisira kutevera Madiba tsoka - Nelson Mandela Museum muMthatha, guta reTranskei; uye neNelson Mandela Youth & Heritage Centre muQunu. Iyo yekare inopa muongorori wehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwose, zvichibva mubhuku rake, Long Walk kuenda kuRugare . Iyo inopawo zviratidzo zvenguva pfupi uye inoratidza kuratidzwa kwezvipo zvakapiwa kuna Mandela nezvizvarwa zveSouth Africa uye zvepasi pose panguva yeupenyu hwake. IQunu centre inotarisa kuhupenyu hweMandela, huine nzira yefa inokutora kune zvigaro zvakadai sechivakwa chechikoro chekare nemasara echechi yaakabhabhatidzwa.
Johannesburg: Kuberekwa kwaMandela the Activist
Muna 1941, jaya raNelson Mandela rakauya kuJohannesburg, kubva paTransii kuitira kuti vatize kuroorana kwakarongeka. Yaiva pano iyo yaakapedza BA yake degree, yakatanga kudzidziswa seye gweta uye yakabatanidzwa neAfrica National Congress (ANC). Muna 1944, akabatanidza ANC Youth League naOriver Tambo, avo vaizotanga kuenda kuva mutungamiriri wenyika. Mandela naTambo vakagadzawo sangano rekutanga rekunyama reSouth Africa pano muna 1952. Mumakore akatevera, ANC yakaramba ichiwedzera, uye Mandela nevezera rake vakasungwa kazhinji, kusvikira pakupedzisira muna 1964, iye nevamwe vanomwe vakatongerwa upenyu huri mujeri mushure meRivonia Trial.
Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda muJohannesburg kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwaMandela muguta. Nzvimbo yako yokutanga inofanira kunge iri The Mandela House mukodhi yeSoweto, apo Mandela nemhuri yake vaigara kubva muna 1946 kusvika muna 1996. Kutaura zvazviri, Mandela akauya pano mushure mokunge asunungurwa muna 1990. Iye zvino ane dzimba reSoweto Heritage Trust, imba rakazadza Mandela memorabilia nemifananidzo yehupenyu hwake asati atumirwa kuRobben Island. Liliesleaf Farm mumwewo anofanirwa-anoshanyira vateki veMandela muGoli. Iri munzvimbo yeRivonia, purazi iyi yaiva nzvimbo yakavanzika yekushandira vashandi veANC munguva yema1960. Nhasi, musumamende inotaurira nyaya yaMandela nevamwe vashandi vekurwira rusununguko, uye kurwisana kwavo nehurumende yehutongerwe enyika.
Robben Island: Prison yaMandela kwemakore 18
Mushure memutongi weRivonia, Mandela akatumirwa kujeri rezvematongerwe enyika paRobben Island , iri muKapa Town Table Table.
Akagara pano kwemakore 18 anotevera, achiita basa rakaoma rokumanikidzwa mumakota masikati uye akarara mune imwe kamuri kaduku usiku. Iye zvino Nzvimbo yeUnited World Heritage Site , Robben Island haisisiri jeri. Vashanyi vanogona kutsvaga masero uye gorosi maive naMoscow vakashanda parwendo rwehafu yezuva kubva kuKapa, pasi pekutungamirirwa kweimbova musungwa uyo acharatidza ruzivo rwehupenyu hupi hungave hwakafanana naMandela nevamwe vanoita zvechisungo vari mujeri pano . Imwe inomira parwendo inopa ruzivo pamusoro pechitsuwa chacho chemakore mazana mashanu, kusanganisira nguva yaro sechirema. Icho chinonyanya kukosha, zvechokwadi, ndiko kushanyira mupfungwa kumusasa waMandela.
Victor Verster Jeri: Kuguma kweKusungwa
Mushure mokurwisana nekenza yeprostate uye tuberculosis, Mandela akaendeswa kujeri rePollsmoor muKapa uye gare gare akapedza mwedzi yakawanda muchipatara. Paakasunungurwa muna 1988, akaendeswa kujeri reVictor Verster, riri muCape Winelands. Akapedza mwedzi gumi nemanomwe yekupedzisira kwemakore makumi maviri nemaviri akaiswa mujeri mune imwe nyaradzo, muimba yevarindi kwete pane sero. Mukutanga kwaFebruary 1990, kurambidzwa kweAANC kwakasimudzwa sezvo rusaruradzi rwakatanga kurasikirwa narwo. Musi waFebruary 9th, Nelson Mandela akazobudiswa - makore mana chete gare gare, aizotungamirirwa nechisarudzo semutungamiri wekutanga wekunyama munyika. Ijeri iye zvino ndiyo Groot Drakenstein correctional facility. Vashanyi vauya kuzobhadhara ruremekedzo rukuru rwemhangura yebhandi yaMandela, akavakirwa munzvimbo chaiyo paakatora matanho ake okutanga semunhu akasununguka.