01 yegumi
Nhanganyaya kuHoa Lo Prison, kana kuti "Hanoi Hilton", muHanoi, Vietnam
Getty Images / Walter Bibikow Hoa Lo Jeri , iro rinonyanya kuzivikanwa se "Hanoi Hilton", ndiro musamuki pedyo neFrance Quarter yeHanoi, Vietnam . Yakatanga kuvakwa mumakore ekuma1890 ekupedzisira neVietnam vaFrance vehurumende sechinhu chikuru chejeri (Maison Centrale) kune vashandi vekuVietnam.
Sezvo kutonga kweNorth Vietnam kwakapfuura kubva kuFrance kusvika kumaJapan kune vaKomonisiti veVietnam, vasungwa vakachinja sevo - VaKomonisiti veVietnam vakasungwa nevakuru vanotya vaFrance vakapa vasungwa veAmerica vehondo uye vasungwa veVietnam vehana.
Kana uri kutarisira nhoroondo yakatendeka-yakataurwa yeAmerica POW hupenyu muHanoi Hilton, zvakadaro, iwe uchave wakanyanyisa zvikuru nemuenzaniso - nhoroondo yakanyorwa nevakunda, mushure mezvose, uye nyaya yavanotaura apa ndiyo ye heroic Vietnamese va Communist vakanga vasungwa, vachitambudzwa, uye vakaurayiwa nevaFrench nevaJapan.
Kuenda kuHanoi Hilton
Hoa Lo Jeri rinowanikwa nyore nyore nekatekisi; 1 Pho Hoa Lo iri pakona ye Pho Ha Ba Trung, kumaodzanyemba kweHoan Kiem Lake pamuromo weChirungu cheFrench. Verenga nezvekufambisa muHanoi .
Ijeri inotora urefu hweFo Hoa Lo, inotungamirwa kubva kuFi Hai Ba Trung kusvika kuFo Tho Nhuom. Kuno chete kuguma kwayo kwekumaodzanyemba kunoramba kuripo - zororo rose rakamedzwa neHanoi Towers complex mumakore ekuma 1990.
Kuti upinde, iwe unoda kubhadhara mari yekupinda yeVND 20,000 (inenge madhora 1 US) pasuo, asi bhurocha remavara richagoverwa kwauri pamubhadharo. Mifananidzo inobvumirwa.
02 yegumi
Phu Kanh Village Display
Relics from Phu Kanh Village, Hoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo © Mike Aquino, ane chikwata kune About.com. Paunopinda musuwo uye uchibhadhara mari yekupinda, iwe uchatungamirirwa kune imwe imba yakareba pane yako pakarepo. Imwe yekutanga iwe unopinda zvinoratidza kuratidza musha wePap Kanh wakambomira pane Hoa Lo Prison site.
Musha wacho waitengeserana zvikuru mukugadzirwa uye kutengeswa kwekeriamic houseware, iyo yakaita kuti mugwagwa zita rake - "Hoa Lo" rinoshandura zvakananga ku "sitofu" kana kuti "moto wevira", iyo yose yakanga iri mumusha ichikura kunze kwemazuva emiti midziyo yevhu husiku.
Imwe yekutanga inotaridza ivhu rekare nemakirini zvinowanzoonekwa munzvimbo iyo vasati vaFrance vashatisa guta kuti vaite nzira yeHoa Lo Prison. Inenge mamiriyoni mana emhuri yakatamiswa mukugadzirisa.
03 wegumi
The Horrors of Hoa Lo
Gallery uye Iron Door paHoa Lo Prison Exhibit. Mifananidzo © Mike Aquino, ane chikwata kune About.com. Chikamu chechipiri chiri muchivako chinoratidza diorama yeHoa Lo Prison kumashure kwaro, pamwe nesango guru resimbi iro rinosvika pamusoro peimba yacho.
Gedhi raishandiswa kumire "mumuromo wechikara" (musuo wepamberi umo vashanyi vanopinda napo kupinda muHoa Lo Prison); nhasi, iyi hulk yakawanda yesimbi ndiyo inonyanya kukwezva muimba inotanga vashanyi kune utsinye uye kutya kunosangana nevasungwa muHoa Lo.
04 yegumi
Stockade uye Shackled Prisoners
Akabatanidzwa vasungwa paChigarire "E", Hoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo © Jake Robillo, anoshandiswa nemvumo. Iko "E" kugadzika inzvimbo yakareba nehukuru hwehupenyu hwevasungwa veVietnam vakanamirwa mumitsetse miviri, pamwe chete neganda kune rumwe rutivi rwekamuri. Sezvo munhu anogona kufungidzira kubva mumufananidzo, hupenyu semusungwa wezvematongerwe enyika muHoa Lo yakanga isiri pikiniki.
Vasungwa vaisungwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa, kudya zvokudya zvakaora kaviri zuva rimwe nerimwe, uye vakabvumirwa maminitsi gumi nemashanu kubva pamaketani avo zuva rega rega. Mudzidzi wePeter Zinoman, kunyora mubhuku rake rinonzi The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprison muVietnam, 1862-1940, inotsanangura mamiriro ekugadziriswa semamiriro ekugadzirwa mumajeri eFrance:
"Vakawanda vasungwa vaigara pamwe chete muimba yekugara, iyo inowanzovakwa muzinda wejeri.Ipapo, vasungwa vose vakagara pamativi, pamatunhu akakwirira ekrete akafamba pamadziro acho Akabatanidzwa pasi pezvikwiriso izvi aiva nemitsetse yedare zvindori, izvo mukati mesimbi yesimbi, inozivikanwa sebarre de justice, yakasungwa.Kuchivadzivirira kuti vasaswededze vakasununguka mukamuri rakashama, vasungwa vakavata nezvikwama zvavo zvakasungirirwa kumunda. "
Izvo zvigaro zvaisagona kudzivirira vasungwa kuti vadzidzise, hongu. Zinoman quotes aimbova musungwa, uyo akayeuka nguva yake mujeri nemafungiro ekutsvaga. "Pasinei nokuti takasungwa nemaketani akakomberedza tsoka dzedu, taifara nokuti taive pedyo nemumwe uye tinogona kugoverana zvifaro zvinosuruvarisa uye zvinosuruvarisa," akadaro musungwa.
05 of 10
Dongoon muHoa Lo Prison
Tarisa kubva kune imwe kunze musungwa, Hoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo © Jake Robillo, anoshandiswa nemvumo. Nzvimbo, kana gomba, apo vasungwa vane ngozi kana kuzviuraya vakachengetwa vari voga musungwa. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chakamanikana, musungwa wakanyungudutswa kusvika pasi rekrete, uye nzvimbo yacho yakachengetedzwa pasi.
06 of 10
Corridor uye Memorials
Corridor pakarepo kunze kwenzvimbo iri yoga - mugwagwa wakashandiswa muna 1951 kupunyuka unogona kuonekwa kurudyi. Mufananidzo © Jake Robillo, anoshandiswa nemvumo. Kana ukangobuda kunzvimbo iri yoga, iwe uchafamba kune imwe nzvimbo yakareba yekunze uko kune dzimwe nhepfenyuro kune vasungwa veVietnam vakamira, kusanganisira gungwa remvura umo vashanu vemuVietnam vakafa-mutsara vakavharwa musi weKisimusi muna 1951. Hoa Lo haambofi "kupunyuka uchapupu" pasinei ruremekedzo raro rinotyisa - dzakawanda dzakabudirira zvejeri dzakanyorwa mujeri kwenguva refu.
Vakasungwa kamwe vakakwanisa kufamba kunze kwemukova wejeri; mune chisimbiso chekuchinja pakati peFrance nechiJapan simba pakapera Hondo Yenyika II, vamwe vasungwa vakangoshanduka kubva muzvisungo zvavo zvejeri ndokubva vatiza.
07 pa10
Guillotine pane Death Row
Portable guillotine; mifananidzo yevakadzi vasungwa vakafira muHoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo kuruboshwe © Jake Robillo, anoshandiswa nemvumo; chifananidzo pane kurudyi © Mike Aquino. Mushure mokuyambuka kureba kwekorodhi, iwe uchapfuura nekamuri yevasungwa vasikana, usati wapinda mune imwe nzvimbo yehutsinye hwakaitwa nevaFoloni vanobatana. Vakasungwa vasungwa vakanga vasina kuponeswa nehurumende yakaoma yejeri - zvinyorwa zveZinoman kubva mumushumo wakaitwa nomumwe M. Chastenet de Géry pamusoro pemakadzi mana evanhu vasina kukwana.
"Nharaunda yemadzimai inoratidzira kubva pakuona kwehutano uye yehutsika uye kubva mumaonero evanhu vasina kuchena mufananidzo unopandukira zvechokwadi Munharaunda yakavakirwa vasungwa vatatu, makumi maviri ezvisikwa izvi zvinoshungurudzika zvakavharwa. mhomho isinganzwisisiki, vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika, vasungwa-mutemo vasungwa, vana vechidiki vanopesana, uye vanaamai gumi nevaviri, pamwe chete nevana vavo. "
Mutsara wekufa mujeri unomira pakarepo mushure memukadzi wechina-muimba ino, mhaka dzevatongi vehurumende dzeFrance dzakarongedzwa zvakajeka.
A guillotine inomira pakatarisana nemadziro maviri kuti atsigise kutyisa kunouraya kwakaitika pano; mifananidzo yemichero yevatatu vakagadzirirwa misoro yakanyorwa pedyo nayo. Iyi guillotine chaiyo yaive inoshandiswa - inonyanya kukosha yakanga ichizivikanwa kuti yakaitika kuYen Bai Prison, umo nhengo gumi neimwe yeboka revemarudzi rose rakafa nechirasi chacho.
Chimwe chiratidziro muimba ino inoratidza mifananidzo yegumi nemana Hoa Lo vakadzi vakafa pano; kutambura kwavo uye kuguma kwekupedzisira zvinorondedzerwa muchiratidziro.
08 yegumi
Memorial Garden
Chirangaridzo rusvingo muHoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo © Mike Aquino, ane chikwata kune About.com. Iyo inotevera inomira yakazara munzvimbo yakakura kunze kweHoa Lo Prison: chiyeuchidzo chechirangaridzo kune vanokudzwa vakafa veVietnam revolutionary movement . Kune vaAmerica, chikumbaridzo ichi chinogona kuunza kukanganiswa kwepamusoro-shure kwezvose, hatina kurerwa kuti titende "Hanoi Hilton" yaiva chiratidzo chekudzvinyirirwa here?
Asi Hoa Lo Prison inokonzera mumvuri wakasiyana pamusoro penyaya yeVietnam - pasi peFrance, jeri raive rakakosha nekuda kwekuvandudzwa, uye avo vakafira mumamiriro avo asingaoneki vanoonekwa nhasi neVivietnam vakafira kutenda. Izvo zveAmerica POW muHoa Lo, izvo zvatichazoona zvinotevera, zvinofanirwa asi zvinyorwa zvishomanana munhoroondo yejeri, uye nhoroondo yeVietnam yakawanda.
09 yegumi
The Pilot Exhibit
Pilot anozviratidza muHoa Lo Prison; John McCain akatora sutu yendege inogona kuonekwa pamadziro akare. Mufananidzo © Mike Aquino, ane chikwata kune About.com. IAmerican POW chiitiko mu "Hanoi Hilton" munguva yeHondo yeVietnam yakanyatsobudiswa mu "imba yebhuruu", inozivikanwawo semuenzaniso wevatyairi. Iyi mapurisa maviri ari mumutyairi wezvirwere anoratidza kucheneswa zvakanyanya kwePOW hupenyu muHanoi's Hoa Lo Prison.
Rimwe runyararo chinyorwa zvinokuvadza zvakashanyira paVietnam nema ndege eAmerica uye kuedza kururamisa kusungwa kwemazana eAmerica POWs, vafambisi vezvikepe vaipfurwa pamusoro peNorth Vietnam ndokuiswa mumajeri eVietnam seHoa Lo. Arizona Senator John McCain ane chikamu chakakurumbira mumuenzaniso uyu, sezvo sutu rake rakapambwa rakasimuka pane imwe mugumo wejeri uye zvaanoita zvinopararira munzvimbo yose.
Inzvimbo yechipiri inofanirwa kuratidza chiyero chePOW hupenyu muHoa Lo, nemifananidzo yevarume veAmerica vakachenesa uye vakagwinya vachigadzira chifananidzo chinopenya cheupenyu hwejeri. Kereke yakafanana nave ine muchinjikwa nemifananidzo yePOWs pamunamato nekugadzirira kudya kweKrisimasi inopa pfungwa yekusununguka kwechitendero chisingaverengeki.
Mifananidzo iri mumifananidzo iyi inopesana zvakanyanya neakaverengi dzakapiwa nekudzorera POWs saMcCain naRobinson Risner; tinoona hurumende yeVietnamese maonero ehupenyu muHoa Lo, asi hapana pane imwe nzvimbo yePOWs yekuona.
10 pa10
Chirangaridzo kuVatriots uye Revolutionary Fighters
Chivako cheChirangaridzo pamutambo wechipiri weHoa Lo Prison. Mufananidzo © Mike Aquino, ane chikwata kune About.com. Iyo yekupedzisira inomira muHoa Lo iyo kutarisa ndiyo shrine padhoro repiri, ine dzimba mbiri dzinoshumira sechiyeuchidzo kune vakapona ho Hoa Lo Prison. Mazita anozivikanwa Hoa Lo vasungwa vanorangarirwa pamhangura endarira pamadziro. Imba yacho inoratidza maitiro avo (kusanganisira jeri guru-rigged Vietnamese flag) uye inoyeuchidza kero yeCommunist Party iyo yakavakwa mukati meHoa Lo Prison masvingo.
Communism muVietnam ingave yakaberekerwa mumajeri akafanana neHoa Lo - mumatambudziko akadaro, vaColononi vaiti vangave vasingazivi kuti vakaita shanduko yezvakaitika uye vakagadzirisa pfungwa yekubatana pakati pevapanduki. Zinoman quotes Truc, a Communist labor organizer uye aimbova musungwa ku Hoa Lo:
"Pandakanga ndava kuLaos, ndakatsamwa muchivande asi ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti chi Communism ndechei." Mushure mokunge ndasungwa muHoa Lo uye ndakawana mukana wekuverenga mabhuku nekudzidza ndakanzwisisa nzira yakarurama yehondo yeva Communist. kusvika kumwedzi muHoa Lo, nguva inoratidzika yakakosha. Ndiyo kungotenda chete mwedzi yangu muHoa Tarira kuti ndinoziva chimwe chekushandura pfungwa. "