Nezita iro rinogadzirisa hukuru hwose hwekare kare yeEgypt, Mupata weMadzimambo ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira kune dzimwe nyika. Inowanikwa kumahombekombe ekumadokero eNairi, zvakananga mhiri kwerwizi kubva muguta rekare reThebes (rava kunzi Luxor). Munharaunda, mupata hauna kushandisika; asi pasi pedenga risina kubereka pane matombo anopfuura makumi matanhatu-akavezwa, akaumbwa pakati pezana remakore rechi16 nerechiuru chechigumi nemakore BC kuenda kumba kwevakafa pharao veNyika yoUmambo.
Mupata une zvombo zviviri zvakasiyana - West Valley uye East Valley. Ruzhinji rwemakuva huri munharaunda yekupedzisira. Kunyange zvazvo inenge dzose dzadzo dzakapambwa kare, murals uye hieroglyphs dzinofukidza masvingo emakuva eumambo zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha mumitambo yekunamatira nekutenda kweVaEgipita vekare.
Mupata wekare
Pashure pemakore ekudzidza zvakanyanyisa, vanyori venhoroondo dzakawanda vanofunga kuti Mupata weMadzimambo wakashandiswa seumambo hwekuviga kubva kumakore 1539 BC kusvika 1075 BC - nguva inenge makore 500. Gomba rekutanga rinovezwa pano raiva raPharao Thutmose I, apo guva rekupedzisira roumambo rinofungidzirwa kuti raRamesses XI. Hazvina chokwadi nei Thutmose ndakasarudza mupata senzvimbo yekatsva yake necropolis. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzeEgyptologist dzinofunga kuti akafuridzirwa nekuswedera kweAl-Qurn, nhamba yepamusoro yakatenda kuva tsvene kune vamwarikadzi Hathor naMeretseger, uye maitiro avo anonyatsopindirana neAld Kingdom pyramid.
Mupata uri panzvimbo iri kure iwe unogonawo kunge wakafuridzira, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza makuva kune avo vanogona kuparadza.
Pasinei nezita rayo, Mupata weMadzimambo hauna kuwanikwa neharahara chete. Muzvokwadi, ruzhinji rwemakuva aro rwakanga rwuri rukudzo rwakanaka uye nhengo dzemhuri yeumambo (kunyange zvazvo madzimai aharahara aizodzivigwa muMupata weCaens uri pedyo pashure pekuvakwa kwakatanga ipapo munenge muna 1301 BC).
Matanda mumipata ose maviri aive akavakwa uye akarongedzwa nevashandi vane unyanzvi vanogara mumusha uri pedyo weDeir el-Medina. Izvo zvakanga zvakaita kunaka kwekushongedza uku kwekuti matongo ave arikutarisa kwekushanyirwa kwezviuru zvemakore. Tsanangudzo dzakasara neVaGiriki vekare neVaRoma zvinogona kuonekwa mune dzakawanda dzemakuva, kunyanya iya yaRamesses VI (KV9) ine mienzaniso inopfuura 1 000 yemagraffiti yekare.
Nhoroondo Yemazuva Ano
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, makuva ave ari nyaya yekuongorora zvakanyanya uye kugadzirwa. Muzana remakore rechi18, Napoleon akaraira mapurisa akajeka eMupata weMadzimambo uye makuva akasiyana-siyana. Vatsvakurudzi vakaenderera mberi kuzarura nzvimbo itsva yemakuva munzvimbo yose yezana remakore rechi19, kusvikira muongorori weAmerica Theodore M. Davis akazivisa nzvimbo yacho yakafuridzirwa zvakazara muna 1912. Akaratidza kuti haana kururama muna 1922, zvisinei, apo mucheche wezvokuchera matongo weBritain Howard Carter akatungamirira rwendo rwakafukura guva raTutankhamun . Kunyange zvazvo Tutankhamun pachake aiva pharao shomanana, pfuma inoshamisa yakawanikwa mukati meguva rake yakaita ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvezvokuchera matongo zvakawanikwa nguva dzose.
Mupata weMadzimambo hwakasimbiswa seNESESCO World Heritage Site muna 1979 pamwe chete nedzimwe dzose dzeTheban Necropolis, uye inoramba ichitaura nezvekuenderera mberi kwekuchera matongo.
Zvaungaona & Ita
Nhasi, makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu ematombo emupata uyu anogona kushanyirwa nevanhu, uye haawanzozaruri panguva imwe chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, zviremera zvinotenderera kuti ndezvipi zvinovhurwa kuitira kuedza nekudzikisa zvinokuvadza zvekushambadzira kwemazhinji (kusanganisira kuwedzerwa carbon dioxide mazinga, kupesana uye humhutu). Mumumatanda akawanda, murals inodzivirirwa ne dehumidifiers uye girazi zvidzidzo; asi vamwe vakagadzirirwa magetsi.
Kubva pamakuva ose muMupata weMadzimambo, inozivikanwa zvikuru ichiri cheTutankhamun (KV62). Kunyange zvazvo iri duku uye kubva ipapo yakabviswa zvizhinji zvehupfumi hwayo, inoramba iine mukomana wemambo wamambo, akadzikidzwa mune sarcophagus yakagadzirwa nemapuranga. Zvimwe zvakasimbiswa zvinosanganisira guva raRamesses VI (KV9) uye Tuthmose III (KV34). Iyo yekare ndiyo imwe yemakuva makuru uye akaoma zvikuru, uye inozivikanwa nokuda kwezvishongedzo zvayo zvinoratidzira rugwaro rwakakwana reBhuku reCaverns reTheworld.
Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yeguva rakapfuura rakazarurirwa kune vashanyi, uye rinodzoka kusvika munenge muna 1450 BC. Mifananidzo iri mumifananidzo inoratidza vashoma kupfuura vanomwe vanomwe vaIjipita, iyo nzvimbo yekuvigwa inosanganisira sarcophagus yakanaka yakagadzirwa ne quartzite tsvuku.
Iva nechokwadi chekugadzirira kushanyirwa kuMusimam Museum muCairo kuti uone pfuma iyo yakabviswa kubva kuMupata weMadzimambo kuti izvidzivirire. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvizhinji zvemadzimai, uye Tutankhamun's iconic gold death mask. Cherechedza kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobva muTutankhamun zvakachengetedzeka zvishoma zvakasimbiswa kuNew Egyptian Museum mushure meGiza Pyramid Complex - kusanganisira motokari yake inofadza.
Nzira Yokushanyira
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekushanyira Mupata weMadzimambo. Vafambi vanozvipira vanogona kukandira taxi kubva kuLuxor kana kubva kuWest Bank chiteshi chengarava kuti vaende navo pazororo rezuva rose reWest Bank nzvimbo dzinosanganisira Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Queens uye Deir al-Bahri temberi yakawanda. Kana iwe uchinzwa zvakakodzera, kubhadhara bhasikoro ndeimwe nzira yakakurumbira - asi ziva kuti nzira inoenda kuMupata weMadzimambo yakawanda, ine guruva uye inopisa. Zvinogonawo kukwira kuMupata weMadzimambo kubva kuDeir al-Bahri kana Deir el-Medina, nzira shomanana asi yakaoma inopa maonero anoshamisa eTheban landscape.
Zvichida nzira yakanakisisa yekushanyira ndeimwe yezviitiko zvisingaverengwi zvakakwana kana kuti hafu-day zvakashambadzirwa kuLuxor. Memphis Tours inopa yakanakisa kuenda kwemaawa mana kuMupata weMadzimambo, Collossi yeMemnon neHemberepsut Temple, nemitengo kusanganisira kutakura mafambiro emhepo, mutungamiri wekuEngland anotaura mutauro weEngland, mari yako yose yekupinda uye mvura yakabhoderedzwa. Egypt Travel Advice Tours inopa rwendo rwemaawa masere runosanganisira zvose zviri pamusoro apa nemasikati panzvimbo yekudyira yekutengesa uye kuwedzerwa kushanyira kumakamuri eKarnak neLuxor.
Mashoko Anoshanda
Tanga kushanya kwako paVashanyi Center, uko mufananidzo wemupata uye firimu pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwaCarter kweguva reTutankhamun kupa mufananidzo wezvakatarisira mukati memakuva. Kune chechi duku yegetsi pakati peVashanisi Center nemakuva, izvo zvinokuchengetedza kufamba kwakatsva uye kupfumisa mukutsinhanisa kune mari shoma. Ngwarira kuti pane mumvuri muduku mumupata, uye kutonhora kunogona kupisa (kunyanya muzhizha). Iva nechokwadi chokuti ugopfeka zvakanaka uye unounza zvakawanda zvezuva nezuva. Hapana chikonzero chekutora kamera semifananidzo inorambidzwa zvachose - asi chiedza chinogona kukubatsira kuti uone zviri nani mukati memakuva asina kubviswa.
Mitikiti inotengeswa paEGP 80 nemunhu, nemari yekubhadhara yeEGP 40 yevadzidzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupinda mumakuva matatu (chero ipi zvayo yakazaruka pazuva). Iwe uchada tiketi yakasiyana yekushanyira guva reWest Valley rakashama rakashama, KV23, iro raive pharaoh Ay. Saizvozvowo, guva raTutankhamun harina kubatanidzwa mumutengo wekutengesa nguva dzose. Unogona kutenga tikiti yeguva rake kwe 100 EGP nemunhu, kana 50 EGP nemudzidzi. Munguva yakapfuura, vatashanyi vakawanda vanosvika 5 000 vakashanyira Mupata weMadzimambo mazuva ese, uye marefu akawanda aiva chikamu chechiitiko. Zvisinei, kusagadzikana kwemazuva ano muEgypt kwakaona kudonha kunoshamisa kwekutarisa uye makuva angangodaro asina kunyanya kufara semugumisiro.