Usati Washanyira, Tsvaga Nyaya Dzokupedzisira
Stonehenge inomira paSalisbury Plain, yakakura, yakasarura uye inoshamisa. Vanhu vave vachiedza kutsanangura zvinorehwa uye nhoroondo ye UK - uye zvichida nyika - inofadza uye yakakosha mabwe ekumira kwemakore anenge 800.
Zvino, kutsvakurudza kuri kukanda dzimwe pfungwa itsva pamusoro pe Stonehenge; iyo yakabva uye zvinangwa. Ikozvino zvinyorwa zvingashandura nzira yaunofunga pamusoro penzvimbo iyi yemashiripiti.
Uye, mushure mekugadziriswa kukuru kwemuenzi wevashanyi makore mashoma apfuura, nyaya - uye zvakavanzika - zve Stonehenge zviri pachena kupfuura kare.
Zvaunotarisira Paunoenda
Chinhu chokutanga chamuchacherechedza pamusoro peLikehenge mushanyi centre ndechekuti zvishoma iwe unozviona. Chivako, nevakagadziri veDenton Corker Marshal, chinenge chaparara munharaunda. Denga rayo rinoputika rinofanana nemakomo anoyerera uye rinoratidzika kusvetuka musango wemiti mitsva - mapuranga anoyevedza anotsigira.
Kunze kwepakati, motokari inenge yakanyarara inotyisa inokuendesa kumatombo ekare maira nehafu. Kana ukasarudza kufamba panzvimbo iyo, iwe uchava nemukana wakanaka wekunzwisisa kuti chikumbaridzo chinopindirana sei mumatambo ayo ekare, mhemberero. Munguva yakapfuura, vashanyi kuna Stonehenge havana kumbova nemukana wokucherechedza zvose zvinotangira mhangura dzakapararira kunzvimbo. Asi, akatasva nzvimbo iyo, pasi pematenga makuru eSalisbury Plain , inzira inofadza yekusvika.
Mushure mezvo, tora nguva yekuongorora mushanyi nzvimbo yacho pachayo. Muchikati chacho, mavhiriji maviri eimba imba cafe nechitoro pamwe chete nediki, musumamende yakanakisisa uye kuratidzwa. Chiratidziro chinoisa nyama chaiyo pamapfupa ekushanyira Stonehenge, kuongorora nhema uye pfungwa dzekare uye zvakare kuguma kwevatsvakurudzi vanoshanda panzvimbo.
Pakati pezvakataurwa:
- Zvishandiso chaiyo zvinoshandiswa nevaiti ve Stonehenge - pakati pavo mbiru tsvuku yakashandiswa kugadzira dongo uye kuvaka mabhanga ayo akanga ari matanho ekutanga panzvimbo.
- Chimwe chezvinhu zveNeolithic zvinosanganisira flint awl, saw uye "muumbi" wakashandiswa kurwisa spark uye kuita moto. Huru uye yakaonekwa zvinotarisa zvakanyanya sekushandisa zvishandiso mazuva ano.
- Musoro wakavakwa wevanhu vekare veNeolithic, vakashandiswa vachishandisa maitiro ehutori hwemasayendisiti akavakirwa pamapfupa emurume akafuridzirwa pedyo nezana remakore rechi19.
- Nharu yendarira yakafanana nemasikisi akavezwa pane mamwe mabwe, makore 700 pashure pokunge Stonehenge yakavakwa.
- Mepu yeBritain panguva iyo Stonehenge yaive iko kushandiswa, kuratidza zvimwe zvemasero, nzvimbo dzakadaro, mabwe ematombo uye mounds anovakwa munyika yose panguva imwe chete. Inoratidzira sangano rakanyatsorongeka rakagovana tsika, zviyeuchidzo uye tsika uye zvakapararira kubva kure kuchamhembe kusvika kuChirungu Channel.
- Kunze, guta reNolithic rakavakwazve (rinobva pane zvakawanikwa zviripo) rinopa vashanyi pfungwa yekuti vavaki ve Stonehenge vakagara sei.
Uye Vanoziva Sei Izvi?
Ndicho chikamu chakanakisisa che nyaya iyo inofamba nenzira yose kudzokera kune fungidzira yekutanga pamusoro peshoko risingazivikanwi.
Maererano neEnglish Heritage iyo, pamwe chete neThe National Trust, inotarisira nzvimbo iyi ine makiromita makumi matanhatu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweLondon, zvinyorwa zvekare zvakatowanikwa mumakore ekuma1200 yeHenry waHuntingdon, mufundisi weLincoln akanyora nhoroondo yeEngland.
Akadana nzvimbo iyi Stanenges uye akanyora nezvematombo e "hukuru hunoshamisa ... akavakwa mushure mekuita kwemasuwo, saka iyo gonhi inoratidzika yakasimudzwa pamusuwo; uye hakuna munhu anogona kugona kuti mabwe makuru akadaro akawedzerwa sei, kana kuti nei vakavakwa ipapo. "
Mibvunzo yake - Stonehenge yakavakwa sei, sei yaiva nzvimbo yakasarudzwa uye naiye-yakavhiringidza zvizvarwa zvevanyori, vaongorori nevashanyi. Iye zvino, mumakumi emakore ekutanga ezana remakore rechi21, vanochera matongo vari kutanga kuuya nemamwe matsva mhinduro - pamwe nemibvunzo yakawanda mitsva.
Mibvunzo yakadai seyi:
Stonehenge Yakagadziridzwa Sei uye Ndiyani?
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakavanzika zve Stonehenge ndechekusika kwayo chaiyo. Mimwe yematombo ayo akaoma zvikuru anobva kumazana emakiromita kure muPisseli Hills yeWales.
Vakatungamirirwa sei nesangano risina kushandisa gumbo? Uye achishevedza chivakwa "ndiyo yakagadziriswa yakawanda yepamusoro-soro yematombo pasi rose," English Heritage inotaura kuti nepo dzimwe dzimba dzeNeolithic dzemabwe dzakanga dzichiri mumapuranga ematombo ezvisikwa nematombo, Stonehenge yakaitwa nematombo akavezwa, akabatanidzwa pamwe chete nechekufa uye tenon joints.
Apo mabwe ose emakona ekunze akange ari munzvimbo, akaumba denderedzwa rakakwana, rinopindira, kunyange zvazvo chikumbaridzo chinomira pamatope.
Vanyori vepakutanga vakagadzira chivako chakavakwa nevaRoma, vamwe vakaisa mumoyo weArturia nheyo uye vakaratidza kuti Merlin akabata ruoko pakuvaka. Kune nyaya dzeMerlin dzinobhururuka mabheestones kubva kuWales uye dzinovaendesa kusvika kumusoro kwechivako. Uye zvechokwadi, pane zvakawanda zvemashoko ekubatanidzwa kwevatorwa.
Nhasi zvinyorwa zvinonakidza zvakafanana kunyange zvakadaro pasi pasi. Kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi namashanu, muLakehenge Riverside Project, mapoka ezvokuchera matongo kubva kumayunivhesiti eSheffield, Manchester, Southampton uye Bournemouth, pamwe neYunivhesiti yeLondon, vave vachidzidza chivako uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Vanoratidza kuti yakavakwa semushandi wekubatanidza pakati pezvizvarwa zvekurima zvekuMabvazuva neWest Britons, pakati pe3000 BC na2,500 BC, vakagovana tsika yakafanana.
Nyanzvi yezvokuchera matongo Mike Pureon Pearson weYunivhesiti yeKunivhesiti, muLondon munyori we Stonehenge, New Understanding: Kugadzirisa Zvishamiso zveGreatest Stone Age Monument inotsanangura kuti:
"... kwaiva nechekura kwechiwi-chikafu-maitiro akafanana edzimba, ivhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakashandiswa kubva kuOrney kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwegungwa ... Stonehenge pachayo yakanga iri basa guru, raida basa rezviuru ... kushanda pachako, zvinoda kuti munhu wose aite kuti aite pamwe chete, ingadai yakave chiito chekubatana. "
Uye imwe nzvimbo iri kuve yakagadzirwa makiromita maviri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechivako, Durrington Walls, inotsigira dzidziso iyi nehupupu hwehuwandu hwedzimba dzine chiuru uye vanhu 4 000 vanobva muBritain yose vachiita chikamu - panguva apo vanhu vanofungidzirwa venyika yose vaiva Zviuru gumi.
Musha wevaki pamwe ndiwo musha mukuru weNeolithic muEurope. Munhu ane simba rekuita basa rakaoma rakaoma kwazvo rakanga riripo. Matombo acho akatamiswa kubva kuWales, kuburikidza nemasvingo uye nechikepe, kwete neusiku hutsva kana shanduro yevhangeri. Kunyangwe uwandu hwesangano hunodiwa panguva yakadaro, hwakashamisa.
Uye iyo inongova imwe dzidziso. Chimwe ndechokuti mabwe eWelldsia akatakurwa neChared Age glaciers uye akawanikwa aine chimiro chechigwa apo va Stonehenge vaivaki vaifamba pasi.
Stonehenge yemakore mangani?
Uchenjeri hunowanzove hwekuti chivako chiri makore anenge 5 000 uye chakavakwa mumatanho akawanda pane imwe nguva yemakore 500. Muzvokwadi, zvizhinji zvekuvakwa kukuru kwe Stonehenge, kunoonekwa nhasi, zvichida yakagadzirwa munguva iyoyo.
Asi kushandiswa kwei Stonehenge kunzvimbo yakakosha, uye zvichida zvinangwa zvekare zvinodzokera shure zvakare - zvichida kare kare se 8,000 kusvika ku10000 makore. Kufukurwa kwakapoteredza chivako chekupaka nzvimbo muma1960 uyezve zvakare muma1980 yakawana matanda aive nemiti yemiti yakasimwa pakati pe 8500BC ne7000BC.
Hazvisi pachena kana izvi zvakabatana zvakananga ne Stonehenge asi izvo zvinova zvakajeka ndezvokuti nzvimbo yeSalisbury Plain yakakosha kuBritain kwemazana emakore emakore.
Nei Salisbury Plain?
Silly Season theorists dzinoratidza kuti bani ndiyo nzvimbo yakanaka yekugara kwepakati yemagetsi uye kuti mitsara uye grooves zvinowanikwa kubva mumhepo uye kuburikidza nekuongorora kwemafiophysical are ley lines.
Zvakanyanya kunyanya kuti nzvimbo yakasarudza. Kare yeBritain yakanga yakafukidzwa nemasango. Nzvimbo huru yakazaruka, zviuru zvemahekre echakasina chakik grassland, ingadai isingawanzoiti uye inokosha. Kunyange nanhasi, achifamba achienda kuSalisbury pachena muusiku weusiku, pasi rayo risinganzwisisiki rinosvika risina kubhururuka kune nyeredzi yenyeredzi, inogona kunge yakanyanyisa, zvisingasvikiki.
Uye mitsara, inozivikanwa semicheka yegaiglacial iyo inowirirana yakasimudzwa pamwe ne-axis ye-solstice ndeyezvisikwa geological features. Vanhu vanorima avo vakagara munzvimbo iyo uye avo vainyatsocherechedza zviratidzo zvemazuva vakaona kuenderana nekuchinja kwemwaka uye vakasarudza nzvimbo uye nzvimbo ye Stonehenge nekuda kwavo.
Icho chaiva mhedziso yakaitwa neboka raProfessor Pearson. Akati, "Patakagumburwa nekunaka kwechirongwa chechimiro chemazuva chaiyo chekuonekwa munyika, takaona kuti vanhu vekare vaisarudza nzvimbo ino kuvaka Stonehenge nekuda kwekufananidzirwa kwayo kare ... Zvimwe vakaona nzvimbo ino se nzvimbo yepasi. "
Stonehenge Yakashandiswa Sei?
Tora uchitsvaga: Druid kunamata, kuvigwa, kukohwa mitambo, zvibayiro zvezvipfuwo, zvipfeko zvemazuva, miitiro yevanhu vemunharaunda, nzvimbo yekuporesa, kalenda yekurima, nyika inodzivirirwa, chiratidzo kune vanamwari, mutorwa wekutorwa. Pane zvakawanda zvedzidziso pamusoro pekuti Stonehenge yaishandiswa sei. Uye pamusoro pemakore, kutsvakurudza kwezvinochera matongo kwakawana uchapupu hwezvinhu zvizhinji zvezviitiko izvi (kunze kwevatorwa - kusvikira zvino). Kuwanikwa kwevanenge 150 kuvigwa munzvimbo iyi kunowanikwa kutsvaga, somuenzaniso.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti, nzvimbo yemaitiro iyo Stonehenge iyo chikamu chaive yakashandiswa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana kwezviuru zvemakore. Zvichida kuti yakange yakashandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pemakore ane chiuru. Isu hatigoni kunyatsonzwisisa nzvimbo ino inoshamisa, asi vanochera matongo uye vanyori vezvakaitika kare vari kuswedera pedyo nguva yose.
When To Go
Gore roga rega, Wiccans, Neo Pagans, New Agers uye vanofambira vanoziva vanoenda kuLakehenge kwekuzorora kwezhizha . Ndiyo chete nguva iyo vashanyi vanobvumirwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzakapoteredza nzvimbo yacho uye vanopedza usiku hwose vachitarisira mambakwedza.
Asi zvakawanikwa paDurrington Walls zvinoratidza kuti pakati nepakati, kwete midsummer ndiyo yainyanya kukosha uye nguva yemitambo uye yekudya. Zvizhinji zvezvimwe zviyeuchidzo munzvimbo ye Stonehenge zvakamirirana kusvika pakati pemasikati ekubuda kwezuva nekuvira kwezuva. Izvozvo zvinonyanya kunzwisisika paunofunga nezvemitambo yemoto uye kuchengetedza kwepakati pevhu kumativi ose kuNorthern Europe.
Iwe unogona kushanyira Stonehenge panguva ipi zvayo yegore uye imwe nguva yegore ine zvigaro zvayo uye zvisingabatsiri. Enda muchando uye iwe haufaniri kumuka mangwanani-ngwanani kuti uone zuva rabuda, nguva dzose rinonakidza kuona pachikumbaridzo. MunaDisemba, zuva rinobuda ipapo munenge muna 8 mangwanani Chikumbaridzo hachina kuzaruka asi iwe unogona kuchiona chiri kure neA303. Nzvimbo iyi inogona kunge yakawanda zvikuru. Pasi pacho ndeyekuti Salisbury Plain inotonhora, mhepo uye mumakore achangopfuura, inoputirwa nechando kana kuti mvura yakasviba kuti kuwanika kune imwe, nzvimbo dzakabatana dzinogumira.
Kana iwe uchienda muzhizha, iwe uchave uchikwikwidzana nemapoka evamwe uye, kana iwe uchida kuona zuva rabuda, iwe zviri nani kuva wekumuka kwekutanga. MunaJune, zuva rinotanga risati rasvika 5 Muchikamu chepamusoro, unogona kufamba zvakanaka kubva kune imwe mushanyi kusvika kunzvimbo pasina kubisa. Uye neawa yakareba yakareba yezuva, iwe une nguva yakawanda yekuongorora nzvimbo dzepamberi dzepamberi uye guta reSalisbury.
Zviri pedyo
Stonehenge, iyo yakagadzirwa nematombo yakaisvonaka yakawanda munyika yose inongova chikumbaridzo chimwe chete pakati penzvimbo inonakidza yepisistoriki yakazara nemiganhu yakaoma. The Stonehenge, Avebury uye Associated Sites UNESCO World Heritage site, inosanganisira:
- Henge huru pa Avebury iyo ine denderedzwa dombo guru munyika yose
- Silbury Hill - chisingazivikanwi, munhu akaitwa conical hill, iyo yakakura muEurope, inenge mamita zana kubva kumusoro uye makore 4 400. Hapana munhu akambokwanisa kuziva kuti ndiani akavaka uye nei. Edza National Trust Silbury Hill Walk.
- West Kennet Long Barrow, imwe yenzvimbo huru yeNeolithic barrow muBritain.
Uyewo iri pedyo: Guta duku reSalisbury nekereke yaro, imba yekuchengetedzeka kwakanakisa kopi yeMagna Carta uye Medieval Clock - yekare yakashanda yeawa iripo inenge maminitsi makumi maviri nemotokari kana yebhazi.
Mushanyi Essentials
- Kubvumwa ndeyeti nguva shoma-titi ine bhadha yakakurudzirwa inokurudzirwa. Nokuda kwekuzarura nguva, matengo aripo uye kugadzira matikiti, ona webhusaiti yeChearthenge yepaiti.
- The Stonehenge landscape - Tsvaga mazano anofanirwa pawebsite yeTrust Trust.
- Kuenda ikoko:
- Nechitima kubva kuLondon Waterloo kuenda kuSalisbury Station ( chengetedza National Rail Inquiries ) ipapo The Stonehenge Tour Bus, iyo bhazi yevanhu yakatsaurirwa kubva kuchikoro chezvitima.
- Netsoka kana mhirizhonga - Wiltshire County Council inoshandura mazano kune Stonehenge nemakumbo uye mumigwagwa makwara pamwe nemabhasi emunharaunda. Iwe unogonawo kuwana Stonehenge pawebsite yeSustrans yeNational Cycle Network.
- Nemotokari - Stonehenge iri kubva kuA360, yakasvika ichibva kuLondon kuM3 uye A303 (inogadza SatNavs for ZIP Code SP4 7DE). Inenge makiromita makumi mana uye inotora pasi pemaminetsi maviri mumamiriro akanaka emigwagwa. Ikoko kune nzvimbo yekupakira panzvimbo iyo isingabhadhari vatengi veTikehenge.