Nzvimbo, Nhoroondo, Mari yekukwira, uye Zvimwe zvinonakidza Gomo reEverest Facts
Gomo reEverest rinowanikwa pamuganhu pakati peTibet neNepal muHimalaya muAsia.
Everest iri muMahalangur Range paTibetan Plateau inonzi Qing Zang Gaoyuan. Musoro wacho uri pakati peTibet neNepal.
Gomo reEverest rinochengeta imwe kambani yakareba. The Mahalangur Range ndiyo musha kune zvikamu zvina zvepasi pose zvakakwirira. Gomo reEverest rudzi rwemapuranga kumashure. Kutanga-nguva kuNepal kazhinji haisi kunyatsoziva kuti gomo chii Everest kusvikira mumwe munhu achitsanangurira!
Pamusoro peNepali, Gomo reEverest riri muSagarmatha National Park muSolukhumbu District. Paguta reTibetan, Gomo reEverest riri muTingri County munzvimbo yeXigaze, izvo China inofunga kuti inharaunda inotonga uye chikamu chePublic Republic of China.
Nemhaka yezvibvumirano zvezvematongerwo enyika nezvimwe zvinhu, Nepali yechipfuva cheEverest inowanikwa nyore uye inowanzowanikwa munzvimbo. Kana mumwe munhu achiti vari kuenda " Everest Base Camp ," vari kutaura nezve South South Camp pamakiromita 17 588 muNepal.
Guta reEverest Rakakwirira Zvakadini?
Tsvakurudzo yakagamuchirwa neNeep uye China (ikozvino) yakabereka: mamita 8 840) pamusoro pegungwa.
Sezvo tekoroti inovandudza, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuongorora anoenderera mberi achigadzira mhinduro dzakasiyana dzepamusoro chaiyo yeGomo Everest. Nyanzvi dzegodhi dzinobvumirana kana zviyero zvinofanirwa kunge zvichishandiswa pachando chisingaperi kana dombo. Kuwedzera kumanikidziro wavo, kufamba kwetectonic kunoita kuti gomo rikure zvishoma gore negore!
Pamakiromita 8 840 (8 840 mamita) pamusoro pepamusoro pegungwa, Gomo reEverest ndiro gomo rakakwirira uye rakakurumbira pasi rose zvichienderana nechiyero kusvika pagungwa.
Himalayas yeAsia- makomo akareba kupfuura ose-pasi pose kumativi matanhatu: China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bhutan , uye Afghanistan. Himalaya inoreva "kugara kwechando" muchiSanskrit.
Zita Rakanzi "Everest" Rinobva kupi?
Zvinoshamisa kuti gomo refu refu repasi harina kuwana zita raro reMadokero kune ani zvake akanga akwira. Gomo racho rinonzi Sir George Everest, weWels Surveyor General weIndia panguva iyoyo. Akanga asingadi kukudzwa uye akaratidzira pfungwa yacho nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.
Vezvematongerwe enyika muna 1865 havana kuteerera uye vachiri kunzi "Peak XV" ku "Everest" mukuremekedza Sir George Everest. Chii chakaipisisa, kududzira kweWales ndiko chaizvoizvo "Eave-zororo" kwete "Ever-est"!
Gomo reEverest rakanga ratova nemazita akawanda emunharaunda akashandurwa kubva kune akasiyana-siyana, asi hapana aive akajairika kuti ave mukuru kunze kwekukuvadza manzwiro eumwe munhu. Sagarmatha, zita reNepali yeEverest uye rakapoteredza paki yenyika, harina kushandiswa kushandiswa kusvikira kuma1960.
Zita reTibetan reEverest ndiro Chomolungma iro rinoreva "Amai Vatsvene."
Izvo Zvinorevei Kuwedzera Gomo reEverest?
Kukwidza Gomo reEverest kunodhura . Uye ndeimwe yezvaunoedza paunenge usingadi kugura makona pamidziyo inodhura kana kuhaya munhu asingazivi zvavari kuita.
Mvumo inobva kuhurumende yeNepaline inodhura US $ 11,000 pamusi wekupera. Icho chikamu chinodhura chepapepa. Asi imwe haisi-ye-yakanyanya-mari uye mari inokonzera pakarepo.
Iwe uchabhadharwa zuva nezuva pamusasa wepasi kuti uwane ruponeso paruoko, inshuwarheni kuti uwane muviri wako uchibviswa kana zvichidiwa ... mari yacho inogona kukwira nokukurumidza kusvika $ 25 000 usati watenge chigamba chekutanga chemidziyo kana kukwereta Sherpas uye mutungamiri.
I "Ice Doctor" Sherpas uyo anogadzirira nzira yemwaka inoda kubhadharwa. Iwewo uchange uchibhadhara mari yezuva nezuva yevabiki, kusvika kwefoni, kubvisa madota, mazamuro emamiriro okunze, nezvimwe-iwe unogona kunge uri Base Camp kwemwedzi miviri kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nekureba kwenguva yakareba sei.
Gear iyo inogona kumirisana negehena yakaiswa kunze kweEverest expedition haisi shoma. Rimwe bhodhoro rinokwana 3-litita bhojjini rinogona kutenga mari inodarika $ 500 imwe neimwe. Iwe unoda zvisati zvishanu, zvichida zvimwe. Iwe unofanira kutenga kuna Sherpas, zvakare. Zvakanongedzwa zvikwata uye sutu yekukwira zvose zvinodhura madhora $ 1 000.
Kusarudza zvinhu zvisingadhuri zvinogona kukudhura zvigunwe. Gear yega yega inowanzosvika pakati pe $ 7,000 kusvika ku10 000 pamba pese.
Maererano nomunyori, mukurukuri, uye manomwe-Summit ichikwira Alan Arnette, mutengo wepamusoro wekusvika kumusangano weEverest kubva kumaodzanyemba neWestern guide aiva $ 64,750 muna 2017.
Muna 1996, boka raJon Krakauer rakabhadhara madhora 65 000 rimwe nerimwe pamusangano wavo. Kana iwe uchida chaizvo kuwedzera mikana yako yekusvika kumusoro uye uchirarama uri mupenyu kuti uudze nezvazvo, iwe unoda kugovera David Hahn. Nekuedza kwemasvondo gumi nemashanu akabudirira, iye ane zvinyorwa zvemuchengeti weSherpa. Kunyora pamwe chete naye kunokubhadhara kupfuura $ 115,000.
Ndiani Akakwira Gomo Everest Kutanga?
Sir Edmund Hillary, muchengeti wenyuchi kubva kuNew Zealand uye neNeepalese Sherpa, Kuchingura Norgay, ndivo vaitanga kusvika kumusangano musi waMay 29, 1953, munenge muna 11:30 mangwanani. Duo rakanzi yakaviga pango uye musara muduku vasati vadzika kupemberera kuva chikamu chenhoroondo.
Panguva iyoyo, Tibet yakavharwa kune dzimwe nyika nekuda kwekurwa neChina. Nepal yakabvumira chete imwe Everest kufamba kunoenderana negore; mafambiro epfuura akanga asvika pedyo zvikuru asi akakundikana kusvika pamusangano.
Kakavhiringidza uye mafungiro achiri kutsamwa pamusoro pekuti kana britishine british George Mallory vasvika kumusangano muna 1924 vasati vaparara pagomo. Mutumbi wake hauna kuwanikwa kusvika muna 1999. Everest yakanaka chaizvo pakuita kukakavara uye mazano.
Inonzi Everest Climbing Records
- Apa Sherpa akabudirira kusvika pamusangano kanomwe kaMay 2011. Iye zvino anogara muUttah.
- Muna 2013, Sherpa Phurba Tashi akasunga Apa Sherpa pamwe nemutambo wekupedzisira wekupedzisira wekupedzisira. Tashi inonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwebasa rake munyaya yekutambudzika 2015 nyanzvi yeSherpa .
- American Dave Hahn ane nhamba yepamusoro yekuedza kubudirira kune munhu asiri Sherpa; akazosvika pamusangano uyu panguva yegumi nemashanu munaMay 2013.
- Jordan Romero-mukomana ane makore gumi nematanhatu kubva kuCalifornia-akaisa ruzivo rwekuti ndiye ari muduku kudarika Gomo reEverest musi waMay 22, 2010. Akaita hurukuro nababa vake uye nhanho-amai. Akavewo akazova muduku kuna vose kuti apedze kukwira Makumi manomwe.
- American Melissa Arnot akazongoshandisa nguva yechishanu muna 2013. Anobata rekodhi yemakwikwi akabudirira nemukadzi asiri Sherher.
Kukwidza Gomo Everest
Nemhaka yokuti mutsara wacho uri pakati peTibet neNeepal, Gomo reEverest rinogona kukwira zvichibva kurutivi rweTibetan (kurutivi rwokuchamhembe) kana kubva kumativi eNepalese (kumabvazuva kwakadzika).
Kutanga kuNepal nekukwira kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba kunowanzoonekwa sezviri nyore, zvose zvekukwirira uye zvikonzero zvekutonga. Kukwira kubva kuchamhembe kune shoma shoma, zvisinei, kuponesa kunonyanya kuoma uye helikopta haibvumirwi kubhururuka kurutivi rweTibetan.
Vazhinji vanokwira vanoedza kukwira Gomo reEverest kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero muNepal, kutanga pa 17,598 kubva Everest Base Camp.
Kunyorera Gomo reEverest
Kufa kwevakawanda paGomo reEverest kunoitika panguva yekuzvarwa. Zvichienderana nezvenguva iyo vanosimudza vachienda kumusangano, vanofanira kuburuka pakarepo kamwechete pavanosvika kumusoro kuti vasazobuda kunze kwe okisijeni. Nguva nguva dzose inopesana nevashambadziri muRufu Rwenharaunda. Vanhu vashomanana vanobva vanyarara, vanozorora, kana kunakidzwa nemaonero mushure mekushanda zvakaoma!
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanosimudza vanogara kwenguva yakareba kwenguva yakakwana kuti vafonese foni pamusha.
Kukwirira kunopfuura 8,000 mamita (26,000 feet) kumusoro kunoonekwa se "Rufu Rwokufa" mumakomo. Nzvimbo yacho inorarama maererano nezita rayo. Oxygen mazinga ekukwirira ikoko akaonda kwazvo (anotarisana nechetatu chemhepo iripo pagungwa) kutsigira upenyu hwehupenyu. Vazhinji vanokwira, vakanga vatya kupera, vaizofa nokukurumidza pasina kuwedzera kweioksijeni.
Sporadic retinal kuderedza dzimwe nguva inowanikwa munzvimbo yeRufu, zvichiita kuti vatasvi vaende mapofu. Mumwe muBritain ane makore 28 akangoerekana apofumadza muna 2010 panguva yekuzvarwa kwake uye akaparara pagomo.
Muna 1999, Babu Chiri Sherpa akaisa zvinyorwa zvitsva nekugara pamusangano kwemaawa makumi maviri. Akatovata pamakomo! Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mutungamiri weNepalese wakaoma akaparara muna 2001 mushure mekuwa kwekuedza kwake 11.
Gomo reEverest Kufa
Kunyange zvazvo kufa paGomo reEverest kunowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvemashoko nekuda kwekuzvikudza kwegomo, Everest zvirokwazvo haisi gomo rakafa panyika.
Annapurna I muNepal ine huwandu hwakakosha hwehuwandu hwevanokwira, anenge 34 muzana-kupfuura imwe chete muvatatu vanokwira vanoparara pamwero. Zvinoshamisa, Annapurna inopedzisira yakanyora pane runyoro rwemakomo-gumi akakwirira kupfuura mamwe ose munyika. Panenge paine 29 kubva muzana, K2 ine yechipiri-yakanyanya kukura.
Nokuenzanisa, Gomo reEverest rine huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunenge hwakapoteredza 4-5 kubva muzana; vanhu vanopfuura vashanu vanofa pamusangano wekutanga. Ichi chiverengero hachiverengi avo vakafira mumapuranga akarova Base Camp.
Nguva yakafa zvikuru munhoroondo yeEverest miedzo yakanga iri muna 1996 apo kusina kunaka kwemamiriro okunze uye kusarudzo kwakaipa kwakakonzera kufa kwevanhu gumi nematanhatu. Nguva inotyisa paGomo reEverest ndiyo inotarisa mabhuku mazhinji, kusanganisira Jon Krakauer's Into Thin Air .
Chirwere chinouraya zvikuru munhoroondo yeGomo Everest chakaitika musi waApril 25, 2015, apo vanhu vanenge 19 vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo paBas Camp. Izvo zvinotyisa zvakakonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakaparadza nyika yakawanda. Gore rakapfuura, chibvumirano chakauraya 16 Sherpas paBas Camp vakanga vachigadzira migwagwa yegore. Nguva yekukwira yakazovharwa.
Kufamba kuEverest Base Camp
Everest Base Camp muNepal inoshanyira nezviuru zvevatengesi gore negore. Hapana ruzivo rwekukwirira kana zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirira zvakakosha pakukwira kwakaoma. Asi iwe zvechokwadi uchada kukwanisa kutarisana nechitonho (iyo iri nyore plywood makamuri muzvivako haisi kupisa) uye inogumira kune yakakwirira.
At Base Camp, kune 53 chete muzana ye okisijeni inowanikwa pagungwa. Vatengesi vanoverengeka gore vanorega zviratidzo zveAcute Mountain Sickness uye chaizvoizvo vanoparara munzira. Zvinoshamisa kuti avo vari kufamba vari voga muNepal vanotambura matambudziko mashoma. Nhaurirano inofanirwa inoratidza kuti vatengesi vari kutarisa zvakarongeka vanotya kuregedza boka racho nekutaura pamusoro pemusoro.
Kusava nehanya nezviratidzo zve AMS (musoro wepamusoro, chizivo, kuora mwoyo) kune ngozi zvikuru-usadaro!
ITo 10 Makomo Makuru Mirefu Munyika
Mitezo inobva pachikepe chegungwa.
- Gomo reEverest: 29,035 mamita (8 850 mamita)
- K2 (iri pakati peChina nePakistan): mamita 8 611 mamita 8 611)
- Kangchenjunga (iri pakati peIndia neNepal): 28,169 mamita (8,586 mamita)
- Lhotse (chikamu chezera reEverest): 27,940 mamita (8,516 mamita)
- Makalu (iri pakati peNepal neChina): mamita makumi maviri nemashanu (8 485 mamita)
- Cho Oyu (pedyo neGomo Everest pakati peNepal neChina): mamita 8 188 (8 188 mamita)
- Dhaulagiri I (Nepal): 26,795 mamita (8 167 mamita)
- Manaslu (Nepal): mamita 8 163 mamita
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan): mamita 8126 mamita 8 126
- Annapurna I (Nepal): 26,545 mamita (8,091 mamita)