Zapotec mvere dzemakumbo ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvemaoko zvinozivikanwa zvekutenga muMexico. Uchavawana vachitengesa kumazvitoro kuMexico uye kunze kwenyika, asi nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuzvitenga iri kuOaxaca, kwaunogona kushanyira dzimba dzekumba dzekudzivirira mhuri uye ona basa rose rakaoma rinoenda mukugadzira izvi mabasa enyanzvi. Mazhinji emakumbo eOaxacan uye tapestries anowanikwa muTeotitlan del Valle, musha uri makiromita 30 kumabvazuva kweOaxaca City .
Musha uyu wevanhu vanokwana 5000 vagamuchira zvakanaka mukurumbira wenyika yose nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemakumbo emakushe uye matepi.
Kune mimwe midzi mimwe midzi inowanikwa muOaxaca, yakadai seSanta Ana del Valle. Vanoshanyira Oaxaca avo vanofarira kushanyira vanocheka mavara uye kutenga mabheji vanofanira kushanyira misha iyi kuti vaone rugwaro rwekugadzira kutanga. Vazhinji vevagari vezvizvarwa zveZapotec vanotaura mutauro weZapotec pamwe neSpanish, uye vakachengetedza tsika dzavo nemitambo yavo.
Nhoroondo yeZapotec Kuchengeta
Musha weTeotitlan del Valle une nguva yakareba yokugadzirisa tsika inotangira nguva dzePehispanic. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vanhu veZapotec veTeotitlan vakapa mutero kune vaAztec muzvinhu zvakarukwa, kunyange kubata nguva iyoyo kwakasiyana zvikuru nanhasi. MuAmerica yekare kwakanga kusina makwai, saka hakuna mvere; vazhinji vezvipfeko zvakaitwa nekotoni. Zvishandiso zvebhizimisi zvakange zvakasiyana kwazvo, sezvo pakange pasina mavhiri anotenderera kana mavara anotaridzirwa muMesoamerica yekare .
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzaiitwa padare rakasara, iro richiri kushandiswa nhasi kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Nekuuya kwevaSpanish, kuve nekugadzira kwakagadziriswa. VaSpain vaiuya nemakwai, saka zvipfeko zvaigona kugadzirwa kubva mumvere dzemakwai, gumbo rinotenderera rakabvumira kuti jira riitwe zvakakurumidza uye rakaputika rakagadzirirwa kubvumira zvidimbu zvikuru kupfuura zvaikwanisika kuti zviite pamusana wechechi.
The Process
Zvizhinji zvezvikwata zveZapotec zvakagadzirwa nemvere dzemakwai, nekotoni warp, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe hutumbwe dzinoshandiswawo dzimwe nguva. Iko kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvakasungwa musilika. Vamwe vanocheka vave vachiedza kuwedzera kwemapapiro kumakumbo avo emvere, kusanganisira dzimwe nzira dzekare.
Vagadziri veTeotitlan del Valle vanotenga mvere mumisika. Makwai akarererwa kumusoro mumakomo, muMixteca Alta, uko kutonhora kwakaoma uye mvere inokura. Vanosuka mvere dzemvura nemudzi unonzi amole (soap plant kana soaproot), sopuko chaiyo iyo inosuruvarisa uye, maererano nevanochera vemo, inoshanda sechirwere chepanyama, kuchengetedza mhondi.
Apo mvere dzemvura dzakachena uye dzakaoma, dzinokonzerwa noruoko, uye dzinoputirwa nechitsiko chinoputika. Zvadaro yakavezwa.
Natural Dyes
Muma1970 kwaiva nekudzoka kushandisa mavara echisikigo ekufa kwemvere dzemvere. Mimwe yemichero yemichero inoshandisa marigolds emucheka uye machena, machena emashizha, pecan shells for brown, uye mesquite for black. Izvi zvinowanikwa munzvimbo iyoyo. Makara ayo anotengwa anosanganisira cochineal for reds uye purples uye indigo yebhuruu.
Cochineal inonzi inonyanya kukosha.
Inopa toni dzakasiyana-siyana dze reds, purples, uye oranges. dhayi iyi yaikosheswa zvikuru munguva dzekoloni apo yaifungidzirwa kuti "ndarama yegoridhe" uye yakatumirwa kuEurope uko kwaimbove isina mavara matsvuku matsvuku, saka yakakosha zvikuru. Yakashandiswa kufara junifomu yeBritain hondo iyo "Redcoats." Gare gare akashandiswa zvipfeko uye kuveka kwekudya. Mumazuva emakoloni, yakashandiswa zvikuru pakufa kwejira. Akabhadhara machechi akashongedzwa zvakashata eOaxaca akadai seSanto Domingo .
Zvigadziri
Nzira dzakagadziriswa dzakagadzirirwa maPat-mapepa emitauro, zvakadai se "makaro" maitiro ejometri kubva kuMitla archaeological site, uye diamond yaZapotec. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuwanikwawo, kusanganisira kubereka kwemabasa eumhizha nevanonyanya mukurumbira vakadai saGeorge Rivera, Frida Kahlo, nezvimwewo.
Determining Quality
Kana uri kutarisa kutenga micheka yepamusoro yeZapotec, unofanirwa kugara uchiyeuka kuti hutsika hwemakumbo husiyana zvikuru. Mutengo wacho hauna kungoenderana chete nehukuru, asiwo kuoma kwekugadzira uye huwandu hwehutambi hwechidimbu. Izvo zvakaoma kutaurira kana gumbo rakange rakataridzwa nemasikirwo emasikirwo kana mashizha. Kazhinji, maikisi eyesheni anowedzera kuwedzera tones. Iyo rugwaro inofanira kuva nemasero makumi maviri nemasendimita, asi hupamhi hwepamusoro huchava nezvakawanda. Izvo zvakasungwa zvevharo rinoita kuti rugwaro ruchengetedze maitiro aro munguva. Mhando yakanaka ye rug inofanira kunge yakazara uye yakarurama.