Yakavakwa mu 8th Century, Borobudur Chiratidzo Chekukanganwa Buddhist Kingdom
Borobudur isu giant Mahayana Buddhist monument muCentral Java. Yakavakwa muna AD 800, chivako chakange chakarasika kwemakore emakore zvichienderana nekuderera kwemadzimambo eBuddhist muJava. Borobudur yakawanikwa zvakare muzana remakore rechi19, yakanunurwa kubva kumahombe akakomberedza, uye nhasi iChudha chikuru chechiBhudha chinzvimbo.
Borobudur yakavakwa pamwero wakakura - haikwanise kuve yakasiyana, sezvo isiri chinhu chisiri pasi pekumiririra kwezvinhu zvakasikwa seBuddhist teolojia inonzwisisa.
Kana ukangopinda muBorobudur, unozviwana uchitungamirirwa mune imwe nyanzvi yezvinhu zvinoshamisa inofungidzirwa mumatombo, iyo inofadza rwendo rwevanokumbira archaeologists, kunyange imwe inoda kuti mutungamiri ane ruzivo anzwisise.
- Kana mufananidzo wakatarisa nhoroondo yakareba iyi yeBuddhist, tarisa Asia History Guide Nyaya yaKallie Szczepanski pamusoro petemberi yeBorobudur.
Urongwa hweBorobudur
Iyo chivako chakaumbwa se mandala, ichiita rutivi rwezvikwata-mashanu shongwe mapurisa ari pasi apa, zvigadziko zvina zvedyurira pamusoro - zvakasangana nemugwagwa unotora mapirgrim kuburikidza nematatu matatu eBuddhist cosmology.
Vashanyi vanokwira masitepisi ekumhanya kune rimwe nerimwe; mabwendefa akashongedzwa nezvikamu 2 672 zvekununura zvinotaura nyaya kubva muupenyu hwaBuddha nemifananidzo kubva kumagwaro echiBuddhist.
Kuti uone zvigadziriswa zvakarongeka, unofanira kutanga kubva pasuo rekumabvazuva, uchifamba-famba uchienda kune imwe yepamusoro apo iwe unopedza dunhu.
Nhamba dzeBorobudur
Nzvimbo yakaderera yeBorobudur inomiririra Kamadhatu (nyika yechido), uye yakashongedzwa nemasikirwo 160 ekuratidza zviratidzo zvakashata zvechido chevanhu nemigumisiro yavo yekarmic. Mifananidzo inofanirwa kukurudzira pilgriyamu kuti ibve pamakumbo ayo epasi eNirvana.
Nzvimbo yakaderera pasi inoratidza chete chikamu chiduku chezvinyorwa; zvizhinji zvechikamu chepasi cheBorobudur chakanga chakanyongedzwa nemamwe mabwe, zvichifukidza mamwe ezvinyorwa.
Mutungamiri wedu akaratidza kuti mamwe emapurisa akawanda epalacious akavharwa, asi hapana humwe uchapupu hunotsigira izvi.
Sezvo mushanyi achikwira kuRupadhatu (nyika yemafomu, inosanganisira mazana mashanu anotevera mazinga), zvinyorwa zvinotanga kutaura nezvechishamiso nyaya yekuberekwa kweBuddha nekuberekwa. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinoratidzawo maitiro ane masimba nemifananidzo yakatorwa kubva kuBuddhist folklore.
Ichikwira kuArupadhatu (nyika yekusagadzikana, iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yeBorobudur), mushanyi anoona zvakashata zvakaputika maBuddha zvifananidzo mukati. Apo mavara mana okutanga akaiswa pamativi ose maviri nematombo, iyo mahwindo mana ari kumusoro akazaruka, achizarura maonero akawandisa eMagelang regency uye mhirizhonga yeMerapi iri kure.
Pamusoro pepamusoro-soro, pakati petipa stupa korona Borobudur. Avhareji vashanyi havabvumirwi kupinda mumba, kwete kuti pane chimwe chinhu chekuona-chikafu chisina chinhu, sezvo chinomiririra kupukunyuka kuNirvana kana chimwe chinhu ndicho chinangwa chikuru cheBuddhism.
Buddha Zvifananidzo paBorobudur
Zvifananidzo zveBuddha pamakumbo mazasi mana eBorobudur akaiswa mu "maitiro" akawanda kana kuti mudra , rimwe nerimwe rinotaura chiitiko muhupenyu hwaBuddha.
Bhumi Sparsa Mudra: "chisimbiso chekubata pasi", chakakonzerwa nemifananidzo yeBuddha kumabvazuva - maoko ari kuruboshwe akazaruka pamakumbo avo, ruoko rworudyi pamabvi akare neminwe yakarongedza pasi.
Izvi zvinotsanangurwa neBuddha kurwisana nemadhimoni, iyo anodana Dewi Bumi pasikadzikadzi wepasi kuti aone matambudziko ake.
Vara Mudra: anomiririra "rudo", yakakonzerwa nemifananidzo yeBuddha kurutivi rwezasi - ruoko rworudyi rwakabata ruoko rwemichindwe neminwe pamabvi ekurudyi, ruoko rworuboshwe rwakasununguka pamakumbo.
Dhyana Mudra: anomiririra "kufungisisa", yakatarwa nemifananidzo yeBuddha kurutivi rwamavirazuva - maoko ose akaiswa pamakumbo, ruoko rworudyi kumusoro kwekuruboshwe, zvose zvimiti zvinotarisana, zvigunwe zviviri zvemashure.
Abhaya Mudra: vanomiririra kuvimbiswa uye kubviswa kwekutya, kunoratidzwa nemifananidzo yeBuddha kurutivi rwamaodzanyemba - ruoko rworuboshwe rwakasununguka pamakumbo, ruoko rworudyi rwakakwira kumusoro kwegumbo neshongwe rinotarisana mberi.
Vitarka Mudra: vanomiririra "kuparidza", yakatarwa neBuddha pamizinda yepamusoro yepa square terrace - ruoko rworudyi rwakasimudzwa kumusoro, chigunwe chekutanga uye chinotaridzika, chiri kuratidza kuparidza.
Zvifananidzo zveBuddha pamusoro pezvikamu zvakakwirira zvakapfigwa mumapfundo akaoma; chimwe chinangwa chakasara chisina kukwana kuzarura Buddha mukati. Imwe inofanirwa kupa mhanho kana iwe uchigona kubata ruoko rwayo; Zvakaoma kupfuura zvazviri kutarisa, sekunge iwe wakanamatira ruoko rwako, iwe hauna nzira yekuona chifananidzo mukati!
Waisak at Borobudur
VaBuddha vakawanda vanoshanyira Borobudur munguva ye Waisak (zuva reBuddhist rekujekeswa). PaWaisak, mazana emamongi eBuddhist anobva kuIndonesia uye achienda kune imwe nzvimbo anotanga pana 2am kuti aite chikwata kubva pedyo neCandi Mendut, achifamba makiromita mashanu kuenda kuBorobudur.
Mufambiro unoenda zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuimba kukuru uye kunyengetera, kusvikira vasvika kuBorobudur nenguva inenge 4am. Vamonki vanozobva vatenderera temberi, vachikwira mazinga muhutano hwavo hwakanaka, uye vakamirira kuonekwa kwemwedzi kumucheto (izvi zvinoratidza kuberekwa kwaBuddha), zvavanokukwazisa norwiyo. Mhemberero dzinoguma mushure mekubuda kwezuva.
- Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pezororo guru reBuddhist, verenga nyaya ino: Vesak muSouth-Asia , kana kuti kushandisa mufananidzo uyu: Zvifananidzo zveVesak muSouth-Asia .
Kuenda kuBorobudur
Mutero wokupinda weBorododur is $ 20; mahofisi etikiti akazarurwa kubva 6am kusvika 5pm. Iwe unogonawo kuwana bhidhiyo yeBorobudur / Prambanan yakabatanidzwa yeDIDR 360,000 (kana nezve US $ 28.80, inyore nezveIndonesia mari ). Iyo yepa ndege inoshandiswa iri pedyo neYogyakarta, inenge maminitsi makumi mana nemotokari.
Nebhazi : Endai kuJombor busimini (Google Maps) muSleman kuchamhembe kweYogyakarta; kubva pano, mabhasi nguva dzose anoenda pakati peguta uye bhero rebhasi reBorobudur (Google Maps). Rwendo urwu runodhura IDR 20,000 (inenge US $ 1.60) uye inotora anenge awa kusvika awa nehafu yekupedzisa. Temberi pachayo inogona kusvika mukati memaminitsi mashanu kubva ku7 kubva mubhasi rebhazi.
Nebhabhasi inobhadharwa: Iyi ndiyo nzira iri nyore kupfuura yose yekuenda kuBorobudur, asi kwete iyo inodhura: bvunza hoteli yako Yogyakarta kuti ikurudzire kufamba kwebhasikoro. Zvichienderana neplate package inclusions (vamwe vashandi vanogona kusanganisira mafambi ekuenda kuPrambanan , Kraton , kana kuti Yogyakarta akawanda emafekitari nemashekeri esirivha ) mutengo unogona kutengesa pakati peDR 70,000 kusvika kuRR 200,000 (pakati pe US $ 5.60 kusvika US $ 16).
Kubva kuMaharahara Hotel iri pedyo, iwe unotora Borobudur Sunrise Tour inokuendesa kutemberi panguva yekusada Mwari ya4: 30 mangwanani, uchikutendera iwe kuona temberi nechiedza kusvika zuva rabuda. Kubuda kwezuva kunodhura IDR 380,000 (inenge US $ 30) kune vasiri Manohara vashandi, uye IDR 230,000 (inenge US $ 18.40) yevatenzi vaManohara.