IGermany yakatsaurira midziyo yakawanda kuti isambokanganwa Holocaust. Kune mhirizhonga yeHolocaust, musamuziyamu, uye yaimbova misasa yevasungwa inodzidzisa vanhu uye kukudza mamiriyoni evarwere.
Vashanyi vazhinji kuEurope vanonzwa vachimanikidzwa kushanyira nzvimbo idzi, uye vanofanira. Kuurayiwa kweHolocaus ndeimwe yezviitiko zvakakosha zvezana remakore rechi20. Asi chengetedza mupfungwa kuti zviitiko zvekuyeuchidza zvinotarisa kutarisa kusingatarisi pane zvakaitika pano.
Kuti uwane chikamu chakakwana chezvinhu zvose zveEuropean Holocaust Memorials (kufanana nenzvimbo yakashata muPoland inongozivikanwa seAuschwitz), shanyira Ipepanhau reZvenzvimbo kuEurope Sites ye Chiyeuchidzo.
01 yegumi
Chirangaridzo kune vaJudha vakaurayiwa veEurope
@canipel / Twenty20 Imwe nyanzvi Peter Eisenmann akagadzira Chirangaridzo cheBerlin kune vekuurayiwa kwevaEurope. Mushure mokukwikwidzana kukakavadzana kusarudza munhu anokunda, hakuna munhu akanyatsosarudzwa, asi kuronga kwaEisenmann kwakazotanga kuchinja.
Yakarongwa pane 4.7-acre site pakati peBrandenburg Gate nePotsdamer Platz . Pakati pezvigadzirwa ndeye "Field of Stelae" inopfuura 2 500 geometrically yakarongwa konkiti shongwe. Iwe unogona kupinda kubva kumativi ose mana uye uchifamba nenzira isina kufanira yakasununguka, uchirasikirwa mukati mekuwedzera kwemasvingo makuru. Zvose zvisiyana zvakasiyana-siyana muhukuru, kutenderera kuburikidza nekuvhiringidza kunzwa kusuruvara kunogona kuitika iwe pachako paunoshandisa nzira yako kuburikidza negodo guru rekrete. Icho chiri pedyo nepasi pekusungirirwa kwemusitori inobata zvinyorwa zvepamunhu zvakadai semazita evanhu vose vanozivikanwa nevaHolocaust vechiJudha uye vanosarudza nyaya dzorwendo rwavo.
Mhiri kwemugwagwa muTiergarten kune cheChirangaridzo neHodhexuals Kutambudzwa Pasi Nazism, uye kuenda kune Reichstag ndiyo Chirangaridzo chachangobva kuzarurirwa kune Sinti uye Roma Vakatambudzwa veNational Socialism. Zvimwe zvakawanda zvakajeka, iwe unogonawo kuwana hovha iyo ichicherechedza apo Hitler's Bunker yaimbove yakamira kune imwe nzvimbo.
02 yegumi
Dachau Kuiswa Mumusasa
Joerg Koch / Getty Images Musasa wevasungwa weDachau, makiromita gumi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweMunich , waiva mumwe wemisasa yevasungwa yekutanga muNazi Germany uye waizova muenzaniso wemisasa yose inotevera muTatu Reich.
Vashanyi kunzvimbo ye chiyeuchidzo vanotevera "nzira yevasungwa," vachifamba nenzira imwecheteyo vasungwa vakamanikidzwa kuenda mushure mokunge vasvika mumusasa. Iwe uchaona mavambo ekutanga akashambwa, matanda, magwenga, uye nzvimbo yekuvhenekera, pamwe chete nemuenzaniso wakazara uye mhemberero dzakasiyana-siyana.
03 wegumi
Stolpersteine
WikimediaImages / Pixabay Iwe unogona kusaona izvi zviyeuchidzo zvichitenderera maguta eGermany . Stolpersteine chaizvoizvo inoshandura "kugumbusa ibwe". Pane zvakawanda zvokuona pameso ezviso, zviri nyore kupotsa zvinyengeri, zvigadzirwa zvegoridhe zviri mumugwagwa wepasuo pamusuo wezvizhinji zvekugara, mabhizimisi, uye zvisine nzvimbo dzisina chinhu.
Icho chinoratidzwa nevechiGermany muchengeti Gunter Demnig anoyeuka avo vakaurayiwa neHolocaust mumakemikari esirivha akaenzana akaiswa nezita (kana mazita emhuri), zuva (s) rokuberekwa, uye tsanangudzo pfupi yekusangana kwavo. Kazhinji vanotaura " Hier wohnte " (pano vagara), asi dzimwe nguva ndiyo nzvimbo munhu akadzidza, kushanda, kana kudzidzisa. Kuguma kunowanzofanana, " ermordet " (inourawa) pamwe nenzvimbo dzakashata dzeAuschwitz, Dachau ...
04 yegumi
Musasa Wevasungwa Sachsenhausen
© Birge Amondson, ane mvumo kune.com.com Munenge maminitsi 30 kuchamhembe kweBerlin pane nzvimbo yekuyeuchidza Sachsenhausen, yaimbova musasa wevasungwa muOranienburg. Musasa wacho wakagadzirwa muna 1936, uye kusvika muna 1945 vanhu vanopfuura 200 000 vakaiswa mujeri kuno nevaNazi.
Sachsenhausen yaiva nenzira dzakawanda imwe yemisasa yakakosha yevasungwa muTatu Reich: Yaiva musasa wekutanga wakagadzwa pasi paHeinrich Himmler seMukuru wePolisi yeGermany uye chivakwa chayo chekugadzira chakashandiswa semuenzaniso kune vose vemisasa yevasungwa muNazi Germany.
Mushure mekunge musasa wakasunungurwa musi waApril 22, 1945, neuto reSoviet nePoland, vaSoviet vakashandisa nzvimbo uye zvivakwa zvaro semusasa wevasungwa wevasungwa vezvematongerwe enyika kubva muna 1945 kusvikira muna 1950.
Muna 1956, zvirongwa zvakatanga kuumba kuchinja kambani kuva chirangaridzo chenyika. Yakavhurwa musi waApril 23, 1961, uye iko zvino yakasununguka kuvanhu seye museum uye chiyeuchidzo.
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Makamu Okumanikidzwa Buchenwald
Jens-Ulrich Koch / Getty Images Vanopfuura 250 000 vanhu vanobva kumarudzi makumi mashanu vakasungwa muimbova musasa weBuchenwald, pedyo neguta re Weimar .
Ichi chiyeuchidzo chinogara dzimba dzakasiyana-siyana uye iwe unogonawo kuona nzvimbo yekare yekambani, makamuri ekusehouse uye akachengetwa, varindi, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza, nzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwemafuro, nzvimbo yeSyart, nzvimbo yekutengesa nemakuva. Pane zviratidzo zvinofamba munzvimbo yose yakawanda, kusanganisira nzira dzakatorwa nevekare mapurisa.
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The Jewish Museum muBerlin
© Jewish Museum Berlin / Photo: Jens Ziehe The Jewish Museum Berlin haisi yemuzinda wekutsvaira-iyo inhoroondo yezvakaitika kare inonzi "Millennia yeGermany Jewish History" uye inotora upenyu hwechiJudha muGermany kubva kuRoma Times kusvika nhasi.
Asi chivako chinoshamisa chechivako chaDaniel Libeskind chinokonzera manzwiro evaya vakadzingwa uye vakarashika: Maumbirwo emusitamende anoyeuchidza Nyeredzi yaDavid yakaputsika, mahwindo asina kufanana akaiswa mukati mechitsiko chesimbi-chipfeko, zvinoshamisa zvingara, uye "voids" kutambanudza hurefu hwakakwana hwechivako. Holocaust Tower uye kuiswa kweunyanzvi "Mashizha Akakoromoka" ndeyeimwe hupenyu hunofadza uye hunoshamisa.
07 pa10
Makamu Okumanikidza Bergen Belsen
Peter-Lomas / Pixabay Pamwe chete nemusasa wekufa muAuschwitz, Bergen Belsen muBass Saxony yakave chiratidzo chepasi rose chekutyisa kweHolocaust. Anne Frank akaiswa mutorongo mumusasa uyu ndokufa naTyphus munaMarch 1945.
Mazuva ano, nzvimbo yekare yaimbova musasa wekumisasa imakuva nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana inoyeuka avo vakatambura uye vakafa kuBergen Belsen. Iko kunewo ichangobva kuvhurwa Documentation Center, iyo inogadzira zvinyorwa zvose, mifananidzo, uye mafirimu achiongorora nhoroondo yemusasa.
08 yegumi
Neuengamme Kumbomira Musasa
"Der sterbende Häftling" (Mutorongo anofa) naFrançoise Salmon Tom Tastin / Flickr / CC BY 2.0 Imba yevasungwa yeNeuengamme, iyo yaive yakagadzirwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekamba yematare kunze kwechemberi kweHamburg , ndiyo yaiva musasa mukuru muNorth yeGermany, yaiva nemasasa makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu emisasa yakawanda pakati pa1938 na1945. Muna May 2005, pamakore makumi matanhatu emakore emusasa wacho rusununguko, nzvimbo yekuyeuchidza chiyeuchidzo yakavhurwa, kusanganisira zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidzira nhoroondo yepaiti uye nekurangarira kutambura kwevanhu vanopfuura 100 000 vakasungwa pano. Makumi gumi nemaviri emisasa yevasungwa makamende eimba inochengetedzwa.
09 yegumi
Makamu Okumanikidza Flossenbürg
Lydia / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0 Musasa wevasungwa wakazara Flossenbürg, wakavakwa muna 1938, uri munzvimbo yeUpper Palatinate muBavaria. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, mufundisi mukuru wekuGermany uye chifundisi, akaiswa mujeri pano uye akafa mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri Flossenbürg asati asunungurwa munaEpril 1945. Chirangaridzo chinopa kutungamirirwa kutenderera muchiRungu, izvo zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvemuenzaniso wakaratidzwa "Flossenbürg Camp concentration, 1938-1945 . "
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Imba yeChishanu yeWannsee
ahundt / pixabay Vashanyi vanogona kumira mune imwe nzvimbo iyo "Yokupedzisira Sarudzo" (kureva kuparadza kweHolocaust) yakarongwa. Iye zvino chiyeuchidzo chekuyeuchidza , Imba yeChirangaridzo cheWannsee chimwe chikonzero chinotarisirwa kuti vanhu vagone kutsvaga matanho akatorwa kusvika kuhuwandu hwekuparadzwa kwevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri.