Kugadzirira Kurwisana kuNyika Yakachena
Sei munhu achida kushanyira Antarctica? Ndiyo inotonhora, yakanyanya, uye inonyanyisa nzvimbo pasi. Nguva yevashanyi ndeyeve yakareba mwedzi mina yakareba. Hapana nzvimbo dzezvitoro, piers, mabhishi akadai, kana nzvimbo dzevashanyi kuAntarctic ports call. Inyanja iri kuyambuka kubva kuSouth America, Africa, kana kuAustralia inenge iri nguva yakaoma. Kondinendi isinganzwisisiki, vanhu vanowanzosanzwisisa kana vasingazivi zvinhu zvakawanda nezveAntarctica .
Pasinei nezvose izvi zvinonzwisiswa zvisina maturo, Antarctica iri pane dzakawanda rwendo rwokuti "unofanira kuona" nzvimbo.
Avo vedu vanoda kuda kufamba nganova nerombo kubva nenzira yakanakisisa yekushanyira Antarctica iri parwendo rwechikepe. Sezvo zvizhinji zvemhuka dzesango muAntarctica zvinowanikwa pamvura isina mvura isina mvura yakapoteredza zviwi uye nyika, vatasvi vengarava havafaniri kushayikwa pane imwe nyika inofadza, nyika, kana zvisikwa zvomhepo zvenyika ino inonakidza. Mukuwedzera, Antarctica haina zvivakovheni zvekushanyirwa zvakadai sehotera, maresitorendi, kana mazano ekufambisa, saka ngarava yekufamba ngarava ndiyo nzira yakanaka yekushanyira White Continent. Chimwe chinyorwa: Haungasviki kuSouth Pole pane ngarava. Kusiyana neNorth Pole, iyo inenge iri pakati peActic Ocean, South Pole iine mazana emakiromita mukati, yakakwirira pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Vamwe vanoshanyira kuSouth Pole vakatoona kuwedzera kwekurwara.
Background
Kunyange zvazvo 95 muzana yeAntarctica yakafukidzwa nechando, kune matombo uye ivhu pasi pemvura yose iyo, uye kondinendi yakaita kaviri kuenzana kweAustralia.
Antarctica ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro yekondinendi ipi neipi inopfuura hafu yenyika 6 500 + mamita pamusoro pegungwa. Nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura dzose yeAntarctica inopfuura 11 000 feet. Sezvo Antarctica inowanikwa zvishomanana kupfuura masendimita mana emvura inonaya gore, zvose zvayo sechimiro chechando, inokodzera serenje repollar.
Ngarava dzechikepe dzinoshanyira Antarctic Peninsula, nzvimbo yakareba, yakaita somunwe inotararira kuSouth America. Ngarava dzinogona kusvika kumaSt Shetland uye iyi Peninsula mumazuva maviri ekuyambuka Drake Passage, imwe yenzvimbo dzakaipa zvikuru dzepasi pose dzegungwa rakasununguka.
Gungwa rakapoteredza Antarctica chimwe chezvinhu zvaro zvinonakidza. Mhepo uye gungwa dzemvura zvinopindirana zvine utsinye, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo iyi yegungwa ive yakaoma zvikuru. IAntarctic Convergence inharaunda iyo mvura inodziya, ine saltier inoyerera kumaodzanyemba kubva kuSouth America inosangana nemvura inotonhora, yakaoma, uye inopenya ichienda kuchamhembe kubva kuAntarctica. Iyi migwagwa inopesana inogara ichisanganisa uye inoguma mune nzvimbo yakawanda kwazvo yehuwandu hwegungwa pepankton. Iyo plankton inokwezva huwandu hweshiri uye zvikara zvegungwa. Mugumisiro wekupedzisira ndiwo mahara akakurumbira makungwa eDake Passage uye Tierra del Fuego uye nezviuru zvezvisikwa zvinonakidza zvinopona mumamiriro ekunze aya asingakoshi. Avo vanofamba mumatunhu akafanana kune rumwe rutivi rwepasi rose kumaodzanyemba kweAustralia neNew Zealand vanewo makungwa anonyanya kunetseka; hazvishamisi kuti vanonzi "makumi mashanu ane hasha" mushure mekuyera.
Nguva Yokuenda kuAntarctica
Nguva yekushanyirana ndeye mwedzi mina chete muAntarctica, kubva munaNovember kusvika February.
Zvose zvegore hazvisi kutonhora chete (zvakaderera kusvika 50 degrees pasi pe zero) asiwo kune rima kana kuti rinosviba nguva yakawanda. Kunyange kana iwe ukwanisa kumira kunotonhora iwe haugone kuona chinhu. Mwedzi woga woga une zvitsva zvake. November inotanga zhizha, uye shiri dzinofambidzana uye dzinosangana. Gore raDecember neJanuary rinosanganisira kuvhara penguin nemucheche, pamwe chete nekupisa kunodziya uye kusvika maawa makumi maviri emasikati zuva rega rega. February inopera kwezhizha, asi mawhale anoona anowanzowedzera uye mapeji anotanga kuva maduku. Iko kunewo zvishoma mazaya ekupedzisira kwezhizha, uye zvikepe hazvikwanisi kusungirirwa sezvakaitika kare mumwaka.
Marudzi eCirise Ships Anoshanyira Antarctica
Kunyange zvazvo vaongorori vakafamba nengarava yeAntarctic kubva muzana remakore rechi15, vatashanyi vokutanga havana kusvika kusvika muna 1957 apo ndege yePan America kubva kuKristuchurch, New Zealand yakasvika kwenguva pfupi kuMcMurdo Sound.
Zvekushanyirwa zvakanyatsotora kubva pakutanga kwema1960 apo vafambisi vekufambisa vafambisi vakatanga kutambira mafambiro. Makore mashomanana apfuura, ngarava dzinenge makumi mashanu dzakatakura vatashanyi muAntarctic mvura. Inenge 20 000 evatashanyi ava vanogara kumahombekombe muAntarctica uye zviuru zvezvikepe zvakawanda kuenda nechikepe mumvura yeAntarctic kana kubhururuka pamusoro pekondinendi. Ngarava dzinofananidzwa muhukuru kubva pane vashoma kupfuura 50 kusvika kune vanopfuura 1000 vanofamba. Ngarava dzinowo dzinofananidzwa mune zvigadzirwa, kubva pazvikepe zvekushandisa zvinoshandiswa kusvika kune zviduku zvishoma zvingarava kuenda kune zvikepe zvisingasviki zvechikepe kune zviduku zviduku zvinotakura zvombo. Chero chero rudzi rwechikepe chaunosarudza, iwe uchava nechokuyeuka Antarctic cruise experience .
Rimwe shoko rekuyeuchidza: dzimwe ngarava hadzibvumi kuti vatasvi vaende kumahombekombe muAntarctica. Vanopa vistas inoshamisa yezvinhu zvinoshamisa zveAntarctic landscape, asi kubva pazvigaro zvechikepe. Ichi "chikepe-ne" chinyorwa cheAntarctic cruise, chinowanzonzi Antarctic "chiitiko", inobatsira kuchengetedza mutengo pasi, asi inogona kuodza mwoyo kana kuenda kune ivhu reAnarctic kunokosha kwauri. Vanyori veAntarctic Treaty muna 1959 uye nhengo dze International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators haabvumiri ngarava ipi neipi inotakura vatasviki 500 kutumira vatasvi vegungwa. Mukuwedzera, zvikepe hazvigoni kutumira vanhu vanopfuura zana kugungwa chero nguva. Zvikepe zvakakura hazvikwanisi kusangana nemhiko iyi, uye chero nzira ipi zvayo yokutsika isingaregi iyo ingave isina kuwana mvumo yekuenda kuAntarctica zvakare.
Ngarava dzinopfuura gumi nemana dzinoshanyira Antarctica gore negore. Vamwe vanotakura 25 kana vashoma vashanyi, vamwe vanotakura kupfuura 1 000. Ichokwadi kuti iwe pachako (uye pocketbook) unofarira kuti chii chiyero chakakunakira iwe. Kushanyira nzvimbo ine utsinye kunosanganisira kuronga kwakanaka, saka iwe unofanira kuita tsvakurudzo yako uye taura neaifambi yekufambisa usati wagadzirisa chikepe chako.
Kunyange zvazvo ngarava dzine vatasvi vanopfuura 500 dzisingakwanise kutakura vanhu vanoenda kumhenderekedzo yeAntarctica , vane zvimwe zvingabatsiri. Ngarava dzakakura dzinowanzove dzakadzika uye dzichigadzirisa, zvichiita kuti ngarava ifambe zvakanaka. Izvozvo zvingave zvakakosha mumvura yakaoma yeDake Passage uye South Atlantic. Chechipiri chikamu ndechokuti sezvo zvikepe izvi zvakakura, mari yacho haifaniri kunge yakareba seyaiva nengarava duku. Uyewo, ngarava dzomukati dzinofamba dzichipawo zvigadziro uye zvinhu zvisingabhadharwi zvisingawaniki pane zviduku zviduku zvekufamba. Icho chisarudzo chaunofanirwa kuita, zvakakosha sei kuenderera kune kondinendi nekuona mapenguin nemamwe mhuka dzesango kusvika pedyo?
Kune avo vanoda "kubata pasi" muAntarctica, dzakawanda dzezvikepe zviduku zvine ice-dzakasimbisa hulls kana kuti dzinofanirwa kuita sechando chinopisa. Iyo ngarava-yakasimbiswa ngarava inogona kuenderera mberi kumaodzanyemba ichienda kunopisa kunopfuura chikepe chetsika, asi kungopinda kwechando chete kunogona kuswedera pedyo negungwa muRos Ross. Kana uchiona mahombekombe anozivikanwa eveRoss Island anokosha kwauri, unogona kuve nechokwadi kuti uri mune ngarava inokodzera kuyambuka Gungwa reRoss uye inosanganisira iyo mufambiro. Chimwe chinhu chakaipa chechizadzikiso chechizadziro ndechekuti vane zvidimbu zvakanyanyisa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakufamba mumvura yechando, asi kwete kwekufamba mumakungwa akaoma. Iwe uchawana zvakawanda zvakanyanyisa pamusoro pechando chinopisa kupfuura ngarava.
Kune avo vane hanya nezvekushaya marara kana mutengo, ngarava dzakakura dzinotakura zvishoma kudarika zvadzo zvingave dzakanaka. Semuenzaniso, Hurtigruten Midnatsol inotora nzira dzinopfuura 500 dzevakakwira ngarava uye vafambisi vezvikepe zvezuva nezuva munguva yezhizha yezhizha dzekuNorway marwendo emafambiro. Zvisinei, apo ngarava inofamba kuenda kuAntarctica kune austral ezhizha, inoshanduka kuva ngarava yekufambisa nevanopfuura vashanu vaenzi. Sezvo chikepe chacho chiri chikuru, hachina kudonha kudarika zviduku, asi chiine zvimwe zviri mukati mezvikwata uye zvigadzirwa pane zvishoma zvingarava.
Icho hachina mahwendefa ezvitima kuAntarctica. Ngarava dzinotakura vatasvi vari kumhenderekedzo dzinoshandisa Rigid Inflatable Boats (RIBs kana Zodiacs) dzinoshandiswa nemitambo yekunze kunze kwekutumira. Aya mabhazi maduku akakodzera kune "mvura" inosvika pamhenderekedzo dzisina kufambiswa dzeAntarctica, asi ani naani ane matambudziko ekufamba angafanira kugara pabhokisi rengarava. MaZodiacs anowanzoendesa kubva kune 9 kusvika ku14 vashamba, mutyairi uye mutungamiri.
Kuenda Kumusara Wako
Zvikepe zvakawanda zvinoenda kuAntarctica zvinotanga kuSouth America. Ushuaia, Argentina nePunta Arenas, Chili ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Vapari vanobhururuka vachibva kuNorth America kana kuEurope vanopfuura neBuenos Aires kana kuti Santiago pavanopinda kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America. Yenguva yemaawa matatu kubva kuBuenos Aires kana kuSantiago kuenda kuTuhuaia kana kuPunta Arenas uye mamwe maawa 36 kusvika 48 kubva mugungwa kuenda kuSouth Shetland uye zvimwe kuAntarctic Peninsula. Kwese kupi zvako kwaunotanga, ndiyo nzira yakareba kuenda ikoko. Dzimwe ngarava dzinoshanyira dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth America sePatagonia kana Falkland Islands, uye vamwe vanobatanidza chikepe kuenda kuAntarctica nekushanyira kuchitsuwa cheSouth Georgia.
Dzimwe ngarava dzinofamba dzichibva kuSouth Africa, Australia kana New Zealand kuenda kuAntarctica. Kana iwe wakatarisa mepu yeAntarctica, unogona kuona kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo kune kondinendi kupfuura kubva kuSouth America, izvo zvinoreva kuti rwendo rwaizobatanidzwa mamwe mazuva egungwa ..
Ani naani ane pfungwa yekufambira mberi uye anoda huri kunze nemhuka dzomusango (kunyanya iyo penguin ) ichava nechikepe cheupenyu hwose pavanoshanyira White Continent.