Mvura Yakawanda Kukuru Yemauto eFrance
Kunyange zvazvo mazita eVimy Ridge uye Wellington Quarry muAraras anozivikanwa zvikuru kuBritish, America neCanadia, iyo ya Notre-Dame de Lorette isingazivikanwi. Iri pedyo nechokumaodzanyemba kweFrance pedyo neArras, ndiyo yakawanda yemakuva eFrance yehondo, ine masoja anopfuura 40 000, ose anozivikanwa uye asingazivikanwi kubva kuFrance nemakoroni ayo akavigwa pano. Hazvisi zvayo pakuti zvine zvese chechilika uye imwe yendarama inoshamisa.
Background
Hondo nhatu dzeArtois dzakaitika mukuvhurwa kwa1914, uye nguva yekupedza uye yekupera kwegore ra1915, dzakange dzakapesana pakati peFrance nemauto eGermany akanga atora nzvimbo yacho. Pakati peVimy Ridge neNes-Dame de Lorette, mbiri dzepamusoro pane imwe nzvimbo yakajeka, yakaisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuFrance dzakawanda dzemvura, dzinokosha muhondo.
Kune veFrance, yechipiri hondo pakati paMay 9 ne15 apo vaFrance vakanga vachiedza kutora mapoka maviri eArtois, kwaiva kukunda kwepakati pakuti vakabudirira kutora Notre-Dame. Asi mumashoko evanhu yakanga iri njodzi, uye 102 000 maFrance mauto akaurawa. Kune vaFrance vakanga vakaipa sehondo yeVerdun.
IFrench National War Cemetery Buildings
Makuva, akamira kumusoro pamusoro pegomo rine mhepo, inoshamisa uye isina kujairika nokuti kune zvivako pano uye nemakuva. Paki pamusuo uye famba mukati uye iwe uuye kwavari. Kutarisana newe kuruoko rwako rworudyi ndiko mamita 52 emakona eNorway Tower.
Usiku danda raro rine simba rinotuma chiedza kumativi ose ari pedyo, rinooneka makiromita makumi manomwe (43.5 makiromita) kure. Nheyo dzakagadzirirwa naMarshal Petain musi waJune 19th 1921 uye dzakaguma muna August 1925.
Yakavakirwa pane imwe nheyo huru, iyo inenge iri crypt kana bhokisi rakasara rinenge rakapoteredza 8 000 masoja asingazivikanwi kubva muhondo mbiri dzepasi uye dzimwe nharo dzeFrench uye kubva mumisasa yevasungwa.
Mamwe mapepa akapararira mumakuva. Muzvose, vanenge 20 000 vasingazivikanwi vakavigwa pano.
Yaiva chokwadi chokuti vanhu vaisagona kuchema pamakuva akazoita kuti Bhishopi weArasra akumbire kuti hurumende yeFrance ivakire iyo basilica. Muchechi yeFrance nehurumende zvakasiyana, uye hapana zvivako zvechitendero mune mamwe makuva eFrance mauto. Ichechi iri mukati mekunze nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana uye zviuru zvezviyeuchidzo zvekuyeuchidza. Mazana matanhatu emahwindo aipiwa neBritain sechiito chekutenda nokuda kwenyika iyo France yakapa Commonwealth War Graves Commission yemakuva emuBritain kuBrithani. Iyi basilica yakagadzirwa nemuumbi weLille Louis-Marie Cordonnier uye yakavakwa pakati pe1921 ne1927.
The Graves
Mipata yakaoma inotambanudza pamberi pako muhondo yakarurama. Munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwekona kune boka guru reMakuva echiMuslim, masoja kubva kumaFoloni echiFrance, kunyanya kumadokero kweAustralia, ane zvitubu zvemufananidzo wakasiyana.
40 000 mauto eFrance anovigwa pano. Chimwe nechimwe chakapiwa guva rakafanana, risina kusiyana pakati pevanhu vakuru uye vega. Mashoko acho haana kunyatsotsanangurwa kupfuura maBritain emakuva ehondo, apo maitiro ehurumende anonyorwa pamwe chete nemazuva ekuzvarwa uye kufa uye kazhinji mazwi mashoma.
Kune dzimwe nguva makuva maviri; zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuruvarisa chiri danda mbiri ye de de Sars, baba nemwanakomana, vakaurawa muna 1914 ne1940.
The Musee Vivante 1914-1918
The Living Museum yeHuru Huru inoratidza mifananidzo, yunifomu uye helmete pamwe nekudzokorora kunofadza kwezvivako zvepasi. Mukuwedzera, imwe kamuri ine dioramas 16 inoratidza kusiyana kwezvinhu zvehupenyu muhondo, kubva kuchipatara kusvika kune Front. Pakupedzisira kune imwe nzvimbo yehondo yezveGermany neFrench.
Living Museum
Nhare: 00 33 (0) 3 21 45 15 80
Kubvuma 4 euro; 2 euro yekubvumirana
Zuva nezuva 9 am-8pm
Yakapfigwa Jan 1, December 25th
French National Cemetery Information
Chemin du Mont de Lorette
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire
Vhura March 8 am-5pm; April, Chivabvu 8 am-6pm; June-September 8 am-7pm; Gumiguru 8:30 am-5m; Nov-Feb 9 am-5:30pm
Mirayiridzo Makuva iri pakati peArras nechekumaodzanyemba uye Lens kusvika kuchamhembe kumabvazuva.
Yakanyorwa kubva kuN937.
Hondo yeHondo Yenyika I Zviyeuchidzo muNharaunda
Kune makuva mashoma uye makuru emisasa, mazwiro avo mune zvakananga maitiro ehondo. Kunewo matongo eFrench, German, America, Canada uye ePoland pano.
- The Great War Museum yeHondo Yenyika I
- Mhemberero dzeAmerica dzeHondo Yenyika I
- Canadian Memorial kuVimy Ridge
- Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery
- French National War Cemetery ku Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
- Hondo yeGermany yeHondo Yenyika I Moreau Rest Camp muChampagne