California Mission Facts uye Mhinduro dzeMibvunzo Yakawanda

by Betsy Malloy

The Basics About California's Spanish Missions

KANA iwe waishamisika pamusoro peSpanish misangano muCalifornia - uye kunyanya kana uri kutsvaga California Missions chokwadi, peji iyi yakasikwa iwe chete.

Nzira yeCalifornia Misungo Yakatanga Sei

Shanduro dzeSpain muCalifornia dzakatanga nekuda kweMambo weSpain. Akanga achida kugadzira misha yekusingaperi munzvimbo yeNyika Itsva.

VaSpain vaida kutora Alta California (zvinoreva kuti Upper California muchiSpain).

Vakanga vari kunetseka nokuti vaRussia vakanga vachifamba kumaodzanyemba kubva kuFort Ross, kuenda kune izvo zvino yava kugungwa kuSonoma County.

Chisarudzo chekuumba shanduro dzeSpain muAlta California chaive mune zvematongerwe enyika. Yaivawo yechitendero. Chechi yeKaturike yaida kutendeutsa vanhu veko kune chitendero cheKaturike.

Ndiani Akatangira California Missions?

Baba Junipero Serra aiva muprista wekuFranciscan anoremekedzwa zvikuru. Akashanda pamisangano muMexico kwemakore gumi nemanomwe asati agadzwa muchechi yeCalifornia. Kuti tiwane zvakawanda pamusoro pake, verenga Baba Serra's biography .

Izvozvo zvakaitika muna 1767 apo sangano revaFranciscan revapristi vakatora nhepfenyuro yeNyika Hwenyika kubva kuvafundisi vechiJesititi. Zvinyorwa zvekushanduka uku zvakaoma zvikuru kupinda muchinyorwa ichi chifupi

Ndeapi Misoro Mizhinji Iripo?

Muna 1769, musoja weSpain uye muongorori Gaspar de Portola naBaba Serra vakafamba rwendo rwavo rwekutanga, vachienda kuchamhembe kubva kuLa Paz muBaja California kuti vagadzirise basa muAlta California.

Pamakore makumi mashanu akatevera, 21 California mamishinari akatanga. Vanosvika mazana matanhatu nemakiromita pamwe neEl Camino Real (King's Highway) pakati peSan Diego uye kuguta reSomaoma. Unogona kuona nzvimbo yavo pamepu iyi .

Sei Chechi yeKaturike Yakasika Misoro?

Vanababa veSpain vaida kuchinja maIndia vemuChikristu.

Pamishinari ega ega, vakanyorera neophytes kubva kuIndia. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vakavaendesa kuzogara kune imwe nzvimbo uye kune vamwe, vakagara mumisha yavo uye vakaenda kumishoni mazuva ese. Kwese kwese, vanababa vakavadzidzisa nezveKaturike, kutaura Sipanishi, maitiro ekurima, uye humwe unyanzvi.

Vamwe vaIndia vaida kuenda kumisangano, asi vamwe havana. Varwi veSpanish vakabata vamwe veIndia zvakaipa.

Chimwe chezvinhu chakaipisisa nezvemahofisi emaIndia aisakwanisa kurwisa zvirwere zveEurope. Epidemics yechopopi, masero, uye diphtheria vakauraya vazhinji vevanhu vomunharaunda. Hatizivi kuti vangani vaIndia vakanga vari muCalifornia vasati vaSpain vasvika kana kuti vangani vakafa asati nguva yekutumwa yapera. Zvatinoziva ndezvokuti misangano yakabhabhatidza maIndia makumi mapfumbamwe uye yakanyorwa pamusoro pevakafa 60 000.

Chii Chakaitwa Vanhu PaMabasa?

Pamisangano, vanhu vakaita zvinhu zvose vanhu vanoita mune rimwe guta duku.

Zvose izvi zvakasimudza gorosi uye zviyo. Vazhinji vaiva neminda yemizambiringa uye vakaita vewaini. Vakasimudzawo mombe nemakwai uye vakatengesa zvinhu zveganda nemicheka yakaita tanned. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vakaita sese nemakenduru, vaine zvishandisi zvekugadzira, vaisuka machira, uye vakaita zvimwe zvekushandisa kushandisa uye kutengesa.

Mamwe emisangano aivawo nemakumbo, apo Baba vakadzidzisa maIndia kuti vaimbire nziyo dzechiKristu.

Chii Chakaitika KuCalifornia Misheni?

Nguva yeSpain haina kuramba kwenguva refu. Muna 1821 (makore 52 mushure mekunge Portola naSerra vaenda rwendo rwavo rwokutanga kuCalifornia), Mexico yakawana rusununguko kubva kuSpain. Mexico yakanga isingakwanisi kubatsirana neCalifornia misheni mushure meizvozvo.

Muna 1834, hurumende yeMexico yakasarudza kushevedza hurumende - izvo zvinoreva kuvashandura kune zvisiri zvechitendero - uye kuzvitengesa. Vakabvunza maIndia kana vaida kutenga iyo nyika, asi vakanga vasingadi ivo-kana kuti vakanga vasingagoni kutenga. Dzimwe nguva, hapana munhu aida zvivako zvekuendesa uye zvishoma nezvishoma akaparadzaniswa.

Pakupedzisira, nyika yekutumwa yakakamurwa uye yakatengeswa. Chechi yeKaturike yakachengeta mashoma mashomanana anokosha.

Pakupedzisira muna 1863, Mutungamiri Abraham Lincoln akadzoka yese yenyika yekare yekuendesa kuChechi yeKaturike. Panguva iyoyo, vazhinji vavo vakanga vari matongo.

Zvakadini Nezvokushandira Zvino?

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vanhu vakafarira kuendesa zvakare. Vakadzorera kana kuvaka zvakare maitiro akaparara.

Zvine zvemishinari zvichiri kutungamirirwa pasi neAranciscan Order: Mission San Antonio de Padua, Mission Santa Barbara, Mission San Miguel Arcángel, uye Mission San Luis Rey deFrancia. Vamwe vachiri makereke echiKaturike. Zvinomwe kwavari ndeyeNational Historic Landmarks.

Zvakawanda zvemashoko ekare ane museumsiti akanaka kwazvo uye matongo anonakidza. Iwe unogona kuverenga pamusoro peumwe neumwe wavo mumitungamiri iyi inokurumidza, yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vese veCalifornia vadzidzi uye vafariri vanoda kuziva.